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NUTR 450 Medical Nutrition Therapy I > Medical Terminology: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Medical Terminology: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aneurysm

A

sac formed by localized dilation of an artery or vein

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2
Q

angina pectoris

A

pain in the chest caused by decreased supply of oxygen to the hear muscle

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3
Q

aorta

A

large blood vessel leaving the heart which supplies oxygen-rich blood to all the bodily tissues

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4
Q

aortic valve

A

located between the left ventricle and aorta

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5
Q

arrhythmia

A

variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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6
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, slowing the flow of blood

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7
Q

asystole

A

no heart beat

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8
Q

atherosclerosis

A

form of arteriosclerosis in which fats are deposited on arterial walls

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9
Q

atrioventricular node

A

located in the right atrium and responsible for coordinating the heart’s contractions through the ventricles

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10
Q

atrium

A

upper chambers of heart muscle

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11
Q

bradycardia

A

slowness of heartbeat, as evidenced by a pulse rate of less than 60

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12
Q

cardiac arrest

A

heart function ceases

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13
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

weakening of the heart muscle

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14
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

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15
Q

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

A

a sudden and acute vascular lesion of the brain caused by hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis, or rupturing of blood vessels

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16
Q

claudication

A

cramp like pains in the calves of the legs due to poor circulation

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17
Q

heart failure

A

defective blood pumping system, marked by breathlessness and abnormal retention of sodium and water

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18
Q

cusp

A

one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart

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19
Q

diastole

A

resting phase of the heart beat

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20
Q

dysrhythmia

A

abnormal rhythm

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21
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blocking of an artery by an embolus

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22
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object (air, fat, tissue, or blood clot) carried by the blood and forced into a smaller vessel, causing an obstruction in circulation

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23
Q

endocardium

A

inner surface of the heart chambers

24
Q

epicardium

A

outermost layer of the heart

25
Q

fibrillation

A

small, local, involuntary muscular contraction caused by spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibers.

26
Q

hypertension

A

persistent high blood pressure

27
Q

infarction

A

a localized area of ischemic necrosis owing to the occlusion of the arterial suply

28
Q

inferior vena cava

A

brings venous blood from the lower regions of the body to the right side of the heart

29
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood flow to a part of the body

30
Q

lumen

A

the cavity of the channel within’ any organ or structure; space within an artery, vein, intestine, etc

31
Q

malaise

A

genera vague feeling of body weakness or discomfort

32
Q

mediastinum

A

space in the chest between the lungs where the heart is located

33
Q

mitral valve

A

valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle, consisting of two leaflets

34
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

extra clicking sound caused by failure of heart valves to close properly

35
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of heart muscle due to absence of blood supply

36
Q

myocardium

A

middle, thickest layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle

37
Q

occlusion

A

state of being closed

38
Q

orthopnea

A

person must sit up or stand up in order to breath comfortably

39
Q

papillary muscles

A

special muscles connected to the leaflets of the valves to all them to open in only one direction

40
Q

pericardium

A

exterior layer covering the heart

41
Q

phlebotomy

A

cutting into a vein

42
Q

plaque

A

a deposit of fatty material in the artery (atherosclerosis)

43
Q

pulmonary artery

A

carries blood to the lungs for oxygenation from the right side of the heart

44
Q

pulmonary valve

A

located between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle

45
Q

pulmonary vein

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

46
Q

saphenous veins

A

longest veins of the body located in the lower extremities

47
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

heart’s pacemaker located in the right atrium responsible for the heart contracting in a coordinated fashion through the atria

48
Q

sinus rhythm

A

normal rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node

49
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

50
Q

systole

A

pumping or contracting phase of the heart beat

51
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormal heart rate

52
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation

53
Q

superior vena cava

A

brings venous blood from the region of the head and upper limbs to the right side of the heart

54
Q

thrombosis

A

existence of a blood clot

55
Q

transient ischemic

A

brief interruption of circulation to a portion of the brain. A precursor to a cardiovascular accident (stroke)

56
Q

ventricle

A

lower chambers of the heart

NUTR 450 Medical Nutrition Therapy I (36 decks)

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