medical conditions exam 3 Flashcards
rhematoid arthritis def
chronic, progressive, autoimmune, more common women
contact dermatitis
eczema due to contact with an irritant
what’s a sign to differentiate rhematoid arthritis from osteoarthritis
morning stiffness lasts >1 hour
psoriasis
chronic, overactive immune system
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune, eyelids drooping
SLE s/s
butterfly rash on cheeks, effects every system of the body
what is clubbing of nails a sign of
low oxygen, could be related to celiac, graves, CF
red flags
no known cause, not improved by PT, bilateral pain, pain at night that does go away
what causes AAA
weakness of aortic wall causes it to widen, known as the silent killer
what is a symptom of AAA
“heartbeat” in abdomen
what may gallbdder problems refer pain as
r shoulder
most common bariatric surgery
gastric bypass
def residual general amnesia
confused or psycotic behavior that causes respiratory issues or possible cognition
def adjuvant drug
taken before syrgery
catalepsy symptom of dissociative anesthesia def
loss of voluntary motion
cataonia def dissociative amnesia
immobility
example of local anesthetic drugs
-caine
CPR compressions should be
100-120 bpm with about 2 inch in depth
cause of heart attack (myocardial infarction)
ischemia to heart tissue leads to permanent damage
treatment for heart attack
MONA: aspirin, nitroglycerine, oxygen, morphine
TPA is treatment for which kind of stroke
ischemic
what scan is used to diagnose stroke
CAT scan
are stroke symptoms usually unilateral or bilateral
unilateral
focal seizure
partial: 1 part of the brain affected, stare into space
generalized seizure
both sides effected, absence + tonic clonic are examples
is heat exhaustion a medical emergency
no, only heat stroke
what happens to vitals during syncope episode
BP and HR drop, decrease blood supply to brain
what type of disorder is anaphylaxis
hypersensitivitity
blood sugar level of hypoglycemia for someone without diabetes
<60 mg/dL
what position will many asthma patients go into when they’re having an attack
tripod
acquired immunity vs innate immunity
react to invading organism, antigen specific, induced response vs not antigen specific
what does HIV do to cells
pathological changes, is passed via birth or sex or blood exposure
def opportunistic infection
lower resistance to infect and destroy, usually creates a very intense infection ex) tuberculosis
s/s HIV
rapid weight loss, SOB, skin changes, dementia, neuropathies
Prep drug
for healthy people who are at risk for getting HIV through sexual contact, helps protect them
non-hodkins lymphoma
cancer that begins in lymph system and progresses slowly, has similar symptoms as mono but includes itchy skin
what organ is tuberculosis most common in
lungs, but can spread to spine, brain, kidneys, etc
how is TB spread
airborne
who’s most at risk for developing TB
healthcare workers, homeless shelter workers
def immunoproliferative disorders
rapid production of B, T, natural killer cells
example of common nosomial infection
staph
compare nosocomial infection to healthcare associated infection
get an infection while in the HOSPITAL even though the patient doesn’t have it before admitting vs get in a healthcare setting of some kind
function of antiviral meds
decrease severity of virus, can’t cure it, only the body can
how do bacterias survive in the body
need a host, releases toxins to the host and needs nourishment from the outside
bactericidal def
kills organisms
superbugs
antimicrobial restistant drugs that are resistant to multiple drugs and are common for people with a weakened immune system
bacteriostatic def
stunts the growth of bacteria
very broad spectrum antibiotics example
tetracycline
why are fluoroquionoes risky, especially for older people
can damage tendons or cartilage especially for elderly people, so important to avoid jumping and motions that irritate cartilage
def penicilin drugs
bactericidal, gram positive, inhibit cell wall synthesis and function
what is a common antifungal medication
azole
what is the most common type of infection we encounter
virus
are viruses or bacteria larger
bacteria
HSV 1 vs 2
mouth vs genital
which herpes virus is a global issue
herpes simplex virus 2
what is zvz
type of herpes, aka chickenpox, has symptoms of a rash
why does shingles occur
reactivation of latent vzv infection
def exanthem
skin rash accompanying disease or fever
s/s shingles
unilateral distribution of blisters at sensory nerve near the trunk
s/s chickenpox
malase, pruitis, 102 temperature
where does a chicken pox rash usually begin
head
post herpetic neuralgia def
pain from shingles on the face due to occular nerve involvement
5th disease aka slapped cheek virus is risky for who
pregnant women because it be passed on to their baby
CMV virus
most frequently transmitted to fetus before birth, can lead to hearing loss for fetus, spreads through saliva
how is sars covid 2 spread
droplets
monkeypox spread
direct contact with scabs from someone who’s infected, is a rare disease and causes flu like symptoms
what type of vax is for sars covid 2 and why is it important
mRNA, has a shorter manufacturer time so was able to save lives quicker
do mRNA vaccines contain live viruses
no, they don’t
s/s TB
chronic cough, chest pain, loss of apetite
what does TB vaccine protect against
transmission of infection
who’s most likely to have/get HIV
gay men and users of drugs with needles
