medical conditions exam 3 Flashcards by Sydney Siegel

rhematoid arthritis def

chronic, progressive, autoimmune, more common women

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contact dermatitis

eczema due to contact with an irritant

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what’s a sign to differentiate rhematoid arthritis from osteoarthritis

morning stiffness lasts >1 hour

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psoriasis

chronic, overactive immune system

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myasthenia gravis

autoimmune, eyelids drooping

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SLE s/s

butterfly rash on cheeks, effects every system of the body

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what is clubbing of nails a sign of

low oxygen, could be related to celiac, graves, CF

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red flags

no known cause, not improved by PT, bilateral pain, pain at night that does go away

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what causes AAA

weakness of aortic wall causes it to widen, known as the silent killer

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what is a symptom of AAA

“heartbeat” in abdomen

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what may gallbdder problems refer pain as

r shoulder

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most common bariatric surgery

gastric bypass

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def residual general amnesia

confused or psycotic behavior that causes respiratory issues or possible cognition

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def adjuvant drug

taken before syrgery

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catalepsy symptom of dissociative anesthesia def

loss of voluntary motion

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cataonia def dissociative amnesia

immobility

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example of local anesthetic drugs

-caine

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CPR compressions should be

100-120 bpm with about 2 inch in depth

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cause of heart attack (myocardial infarction)

ischemia to heart tissue leads to permanent damage

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treatment for heart attack

MONA: aspirin, nitroglycerine, oxygen, morphine

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TPA is treatment for which kind of stroke

ischemic

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what scan is used to diagnose stroke

CAT scan

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are stroke symptoms usually unilateral or bilateral

unilateral

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focal seizure

partial: 1 part of the brain affected, stare into space

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generalized seizure

both sides effected, absence + tonic clonic are examples

is heat exhaustion a medical emergency

no, only heat stroke

what happens to vitals during syncope episode

BP and HR drop, decrease blood supply to brain

what type of disorder is anaphylaxis

hypersensitivitity

blood sugar level of hypoglycemia for someone without diabetes

<60 mg/dL

what position will many asthma patients go into when they're having an attack

tripod

acquired immunity vs innate immunity

react to invading organism, antigen specific, induced response vs not antigen specific

what does HIV do to cells

pathological changes, is passed via birth or sex or blood exposure

def opportunistic infection

lower resistance to infect and destroy, usually creates a very intense infection ex) tuberculosis

s/s HIV

rapid weight loss, SOB, skin changes, dementia, neuropathies

Prep drug

for healthy people who are at risk for getting HIV through sexual contact, helps protect them

non-hodkins lymphoma

cancer that begins in lymph system and progresses slowly, has similar symptoms as mono but includes itchy skin

what organ is tuberculosis most common in

lungs, but can spread to spine, brain, kidneys, etc

how is TB spread

airborne

who's most at risk for developing TB

healthcare workers, homeless shelter workers

def immunoproliferative disorders

rapid production of B, T, natural killer cells

example of common nosomial infection

staph

compare nosocomial infection to healthcare associated infection

get an infection while in the HOSPITAL even though the patient doesn't have it before admitting vs get in a healthcare setting of some kind

function of antiviral meds

decrease severity of virus, can't cure it, only the body can

how do bacterias survive in the body

need a host, releases toxins to the host and needs nourishment from the outside

bactericidal def

kills organisms

superbugs

antimicrobial restistant drugs that are resistant to multiple drugs and are common for people with a weakened immune system

bacteriostatic def

stunts the growth of bacteria

very broad spectrum antibiotics example

tetracycline

why are fluoroquionoes risky, especially for older people

can damage tendons or cartilage especially for elderly people, so important to avoid jumping and motions that irritate cartilage

def penicilin drugs

bactericidal, gram positive, inhibit cell wall synthesis and function

what is a common antifungal medication

azole

what is the most common type of infection we encounter

virus

are viruses or bacteria larger

bacteria

HSV 1 vs 2

mouth vs genital

which herpes virus is a global issue

herpes simplex virus 2

what is zvz

type of herpes, aka chickenpox, has symptoms of a rash

why does shingles occur

reactivation of latent vzv infection

def exanthem

skin rash accompanying disease or fever

s/s shingles

unilateral distribution of blisters at sensory nerve near the trunk

s/s chickenpox

malase, pruitis, 102 temperature

where does a chicken pox rash usually begin

head

post herpetic neuralgia def

pain from shingles on the face due to occular nerve involvement

5th disease aka slapped cheek virus is risky for who

pregnant women because it be passed on to their baby

CMV virus

most frequently transmitted to fetus before birth, can lead to hearing loss for fetus, spreads through saliva

how is sars covid 2 spread

droplets

monkeypox spread

direct contact with scabs from someone who's infected, is a rare disease and causes flu like symptoms

what type of vax is for sars covid 2 and why is it important

mRNA, has a shorter manufacturer time so was able to save lives quicker

do mRNA vaccines contain live viruses

no, they don't

s/s TB

chronic cough, chest pain, loss of apetite

what does TB vaccine protect against

transmission of infection

who's most likely to have/get HIV

gay men and users of drugs with needles