gross anatomy UE Flashcards
what pronator muscle usually causes more problems clinically
pronator teres (not pronator quadratus)
what nerve are interosseus muscles innervated by
ulnar
what muscle is the deepest of the pollicis muscles
opponens pollicis
which muscle is a square shape and on the anterior wrist area
pronator quadratus
even though it is located laterally, what compartment is the brachioradialis found in
posterior superficial
___ half of flexor digitorum profundus (in anatomical position) is innervated by ____
medial, ulnar
what muscle (1) is located in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
what compartment is flexor digitorum profundus located in
deep anterior
what is the difference of the insertion of FD profundus vs superficialis
superficialis: insert at middle phalanages
profundus: insert at distal phalanges
what muscle does every person not have in the anterior arm
palmaris longus
what’s important about the LONG head of the triceps
crosses the GH joint, originates at the bicepital groove
what hand bone is found the closest to the thumb
trapezium
how many carpal bones are there
8
what 4 bones are in the proximal line of carpal bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
what 4 bones are in the distal line of carpal bones
trapezium, trapezoid, hamate, capitate
what bone includes an articular disc, just like what joint of the shoulder
ulna, SC
does the radius or ulna encounter more force
ulna, which is why it needs the articular disc
what is the name of the disc on the ulna that helps with shock absorption
TFCC: triangular fibrocartilage complex
what bone separates medial from lateral side of the forearm/wrist based on anatomical position
ulnar styloid process
what kind of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint
pivot (at elbow for sup/pron)
what kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint
hinge (at wrist)
what kind of joint is ulnohumeral joint
hinge (elbow)
what position can you see the radial tubersity
anterior
wrist flexors attach at what part of the elbow
medial epicondyle
wrist extensors attach at what part of the elbow
lateral epicondyle
why is the olecranon fossa important
for elbow extension so the olecranon has somewhere to go into
where does lymph drain towards
apical node= deepest
what does the subclavius do
compresses the clavicle, is a deep ANTERIOR muscle
what joint of the UE has a labrum that has a similar function as the hip
glenohumeral joint
what is the difference between the anatomical neck of the humerus and the surgical neck of the humerus
surgical neck is more distal and more likely to be operated on, more likely to have dysfunction
what ligament of the AC joint prevents anterior superior translation and elevation of the clavicle
coracoclavicular ligament
what kind of joint is the SC joint
saddle
what does a saddle joint mean
depending on the direction different parts will be convex + concave
what bone is the corocoid process on
scapula
what bone is the conoid tubercle on
clavicle
what 3 muscles originate insert at the bicepital groove
pec major, lats, teres major (lady b/w 2 majors)
what muscle deteremines the vasculature of the scapular region
pec minor
how to tell the difference between arteries and nerve location
Arteries pass Above ligaments, veins pass below ligaments
what is included in the axill (
axillary artery, axillary vein, nerves of brachial plexus, biceps brachii, coracobrachiallis lymph nodes
if there’s a suspected problem with the blood flow from artery in a big part of the UE, what is likely the problem
pec minor
where is the brachial artery located on the upper arm
b/w biceps and triceps medially
when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery
passes the inferior margin of teres major
what area does the basilic vein drain towards the axillary vein
medial aspect arm (basement in anatomical position)
what area does the cephalic vein drain towards the axillary vein
posteror+lateral (ceiling in anatomical position)
scapular upward rotator muscles
trapezius and serratus anterior
scapular downward rotator muscles
rhomboid, levator scapula, lats
where do each head of biceps brachii originate
long: supraglenoid tubercle
short: corocoid process
where do each head of triceps insert
long: infraglenoid tubercle
medial:
lateral:
what type of joint is AC
planar
what ligament supports and surrounds AC joint
acromioclavicular ligament
what is the role of ligaments vs muscles of the AC joint
keep clavicle down vs lift clavicle up
if a patient has an elevated clavicle what is likely the problem
ligaments of the AC joint are injured
what dislocation is more common for SC joint
anterior b/c ligaments prevent anterior motion so if they’re injured then there may be anterior dislocation
is the clavicle more supported anteriorly or posteriorly
posteriorly (this makes sense b/c we don’t want the clavicle puncturing us posteriorly/towards are heart)
what is the pseudo joint of the scapula
scapulothoracic
when looking at the humerus anteriorly, is the greater or lesser tubercle more lateral?
greater
where do the infraspinatus and supraspinatus insert
spine of scapula
what part of the scapula itself may lead to nerve impingement?
suprascapular notch
muscles in superficial anterior forearm
pronator teres, flexor carpri ulnaris, flexor carpri radialis, palmaris longus
muscles in superficial posterior forearm
brachioradialis, extensor carpri radialis brevis, extensor carpri radialis longus, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpri ulnaris, anconeus
muscles in deep posterior forearm
supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus brevis, extensor indicis
deep anterior forearm muscles
flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
what nerve innervates the dorsal and palmar interossei
ulnar
thenar eminence includes
opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
hypothenar eminence includes
opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis
what nerve innvervates the thenar eminence
median nerve
what nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence
ulnar
if a patient has tingling or numbness in the entire hand what may you suspect
not carpal tunnel b/c only median nerve is in carpal tunnel
if a patient has atrophy at the thenar eminence what may you suspect
carpal tunnel syndrome
if a patient only has tingling in the forearm and hand what may you suspect
not carpal tunnel syndrome
what nerve passes the tunnel of gyon
deep ulnar nerve
where do the ulnar and median nerves cross the elbow
ulnar: posteriorly
median: anteriorly
what are other branches of the median nerve
anterior interosseus, palmar branch, recurrent branch
branches of musculocutaneus
median and ulnar > lateral cutaneus forearm
ulnar nerve branches
dorsal, palmar, superficial, deep
radial nerve branches
inferior lateral cutaneus, posterior cutaneus, deep brach, superficial branch, posterior interosseus
entrapment site for median nerve
ligament of struthers, bicepital aponeurosis, pronator teres
entrapment site for ulnar nerve
arcade of struthers, cupital tunnel, flexor carpi ulnaris, gyon’s canal
entrapment site for radial nerve
supinator, arcade froshe
what larger artery includes the interosseus artery
ulnar
is basilic vein more deep or superficial compared to cephalic
deeper than cephalic
what muscle determines deep/superficial for palmar arch
adductor pollicis
cubital fossa location
horizontal line b/w medial and lateral epicondyle
medial border of cubital fossa
pronator teres
lateral border of cubital fossa
brachioradialis
floor of cubital fossa
brachialis
what are the contents of the cubital fossa
biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
what nerve is involved in the carpal tunnel
median nerve
contents of carpal tunnel
flexor pollicis longus tendon, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, median nerve
lateral border of anatomical snuff box
abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
medial border of anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis longus
floor of anatomical snuff box
scaphoid and trapezium
contents of anatomical snuff box
cephalic vein, radial artery, superficial branch of radial nerve
rotator cuff muscles superior to inferior
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
pronator muscles originate ___ and insert ___
medially, laterally
muscles innervated by posterior interosseus nerve (branch of radial)
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, dorsal interossei, **extensor carpri ulnaris, **supinator
where does the subclavian artery become the brachial artery
passes the 1st rib laterally
where do biceps brachii insert
radial tubersity
