Kinesiology Exam 2 Flashcards
what plane does elevation/depression take place
frontal
what plane does protraction/retraction take place
transverse
what plane does upward roation/downward rotation take place
frontal plane
is the manubrium and sternum part of shoulder girdle
no it is not
what are bones part of the shoulder girdle
scapula and clavicle
sternal end of clavicle shape
rounded
acromial end of clavicle
where the scapula meets
what is the purpose of the clavical
moves in response of the scapula moving
what are the bones of the scapula
corocoid process, acromion process, spine, medial and lateral borders, inferior angle, superior angle, glenoid fossa
what is the corocoid process
3 layers of muscle covering the scapula,
what is the acromion process
anterior projection of the spine and scapula
what is the numbering of scapula landmarks 1-4
inferior angle, medial border, lateral border, spine (bottom to top)
what type of joint is scapulothoracic
pseudo gliding b/c named by how the muscles fit on the rib cage and not how they move since they don’t have diarthrotic joints
what type of joint is sternoclavicular
glidding
what type of joint is acromioclavicular
glidding
where do the 5 muscles of the shoulder girdle insert
at the scapula
what direction should a stretch be done
in the opposite direction as the action
7 muscles of shoulder girdle
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapula
is the rhomboid deep or superficial and what muscle is it near
deep, near the middle trap
what muscles of the shoulder girdle do protraction
pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
what movements does pectoralis minor do
protraction and depression
what movements does serratus anterior do
protraction and upward roation
what movements do upper trapezius do
elevation
is upper trap superficial or deep
superfiicial
where does upper trapezius originate
at the skull
what movements does lower trap do
depression
what muscles do depression
pectoralis minor and lower trap
what movements does rhomboid do
retraction
what movements do levator scapula do
elevation and downward rotation
what are the anterior should girdle muscles
pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
what are the posterior should girdle muscles
3 trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapula
what skeleton do the muscles that move the scapula insert
axial b/c insert at scapula
purpose of manual muscle tests
assess ROM, test strength compared to uninjured side, compare w/ pre-injured data
what does the break test include
- contract muscle against gravity
- isometric contraction
see if there is pain with either movement
no pain= pass
equal strength= do resisted ROM test next
grading scale for MMT
1- can’t move at all or see any contraction
2-can’t do contraction against gravity, can see/palpate some contraction
3-can do contraction on own against gravity but can’t hold w/ resistance
4-go through moderate resistance ROM
5- full strength w/ resisted
glenohumeral joint defined by
movements of humerous, origin (scapula or clavicle), insertion at humerous
what type of joint is glenohumeral
ball and socket= diarthrotic
what may indicate a problem w/ glenohumeral joint
problem w/ full ROM of scapula
bones of glenohumeral joint at scapula
glenoid fossa, supraspinatus fossa, intraspinatus fossa, subscapular fossa
what bone is at the head of the humerus
glenoid fossa
what fossa is posterior on scapula
supraspinatus
what fossa bone is anterior on scapula
subscapular fossa
is the deltoid tuberosity lateral or medial
lateral
what side is the greater tuberosity side found
lateral side
what side is the lesser tuberosity found
medial
what divides greater and lesser tuberosity
intertubercle/bicepital groove
pectoralis major motions
horizontal flexion and adduction
what muscles of the glenohumeral joint do adduction as their prime action
pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
what are the helpers of glenohumeral joint
deltoid, teres major, coracobrachialis, rotator cuff
what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
what does the deltoid move
humerus
are rotator muscles deep or superficial
deep
what movements do rotator cuff muscles do
internal and external rotation
is coracobrachialis anterior or posterior
anterior
if flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction hurt, what muscle is probably hurt
coracobrachialis
what should be done for MMT
start at neutral in anatomical position, do test and use grade scale to determine ability and pain
what is middle deltoid prime mover in
abduction
what is posterior deltoid prime mover in
horizontal extension
what is anterior deltoid prime mover in
flexion
what muscles of glenohumeral joint are used for extension
lats, posterior deltoid, teres major
what movement does supraspinatus do
abduction
what movement does infraspinatus do
external rotation
what movement does teres minor do
external rotation
what movement does subscapularis do
internal rotation
what is scaption plane
b/w flexion and adbuction, where suprascapularis can be isolated
what is most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle
suprascapularis
where are 3 out of 4 rotator cuff muscles found
on greater tuberosity
how will the treatment compare between muscles that do the same movements
treatment will be the same usually
on the radius, is the distal side to the elbow smaller or bigger than the proximal side
bigger on distal, smaller on proximal
is the ulna bigger on proximal side or distal side
bigger on proximal, smaller on distal
what movements does elbow do
flexion/extension
what movements does radioulnar joint do
pronation/supination
5 bones of humerus
epicondyle, supracondylar ridge, olecranon fossa, trochlea, capitulum
bones of radius
head and radial tuberosity
bones of ulna
olecranon process
what kind of joint is the elbow
hinge joint
biceps brachii movements
flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, weak shoulder flexion
where does biceps brachii originate
at corcoid process and glenoid fossa
how many heads does biceps brachialis have
2 heads so originates in 2 places
what is the olecranon process
elbow bone that is most stable in full flexion or extension
brachialis movements
flexion of elbow, synergist of bicep brachii
for elbow flexion is brachialis pronated or supinated
pronated
what is the most distally running elbow flexor
brachioradialis
what joint is pronator teres part of
radialulnar
what movements does pronator teres do
weak flexion of elbow and pronation
what muscle works with pronator teres to perform pronation
pronator quadratus
what muscle is distal and close to the wrist, part of radialulnar joint
pronator quadratus
what are extensor elbow muscles
triceps brachii, anconeus
what are anterior elbow muscles
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, pronator quadratus
what do 3 heads of triceps brachii do
extension
where does long head of triceps brachii cross
at shoulder joint
what movements does aconeus do
extension of elbow, creates tension when elbow locks
what does supinator do
pivot around ulna, radialulnar joint
how are the phalanges numbered
thumb=1, pink=5
how are phalanx’s labeled
proximal, medial, distal
what are the 2 types of interphalanageal joints
distal IP and proximal IP
what are the 2 types of metacarpal joints
head (bottom of fingers) and base (bottom of hand)
what is the process by the radius and ulna called
radial styloid process and ulnar styloid process
what kind of joint are wrist joints
saddle
what does saddle joint allow
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition
how many carpal bones are there
8
where are the carpometacarpal bones found
by the carpal bones towards the bottom of the hand
does the thumb have a medial phalynx
no, only proximal and distal
where is trapezoid joint found
on base of 1st MC
what type of joint is trapezion
saddle
where is trapezoid joint found
on base of 2nd MC
where is hamate joint found
on base of 4th MC
where is schaphoid joint found
distal to radius, distal to radial styphoid process
where is lunate bone found
rounded bone, comes out after flexion of wrist
triquetrim-pisiform location
distal to ulnar styloid process, p shaped bone
what is most commonly dislocated bone of wrist
lunate
where is capitate joint found
on base of 3rd MC
what is most commonly fractured bone
schaphoid b/c jammed easily
what kinds of joint is PIP and DIP
hinge= only in sagital plane for flexion and extension
carpometacarpal joint type
gliding= small ROM in all planes and directions
intercarpal joint type
gliding
what movements can wrist do
flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation
glenohumeral flexion muscles
anterior deltoid and upper pect major
glenohumeral extension muscles
teres major, lats, lower pect major
glenohumeral abduction muscles
deltoid, supraspinatus, upper pectoralis major
glenohumeral adduction muscles
lats, teres major, lower pectoralis major
glenohumeral internal rotation muscles
lats, teres major, subscapularis, pec major
glenohumeral external rotation muscles
infraspinatus, teres minor
glenohumeral horizontal abduction
posterior deloid, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
glenohumeral horizontal adduction
anterior deltoid, pec major, coracobrachialis
glenohumeral diagonal abduction muscles
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor, triceps brachii
glenohumeral diagonal adduction movements
anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, pec major
