med term midterm Flashcards
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
must be added to the end of a word
a suffix
basic meaning of a word- cannot stand alone
word root
a word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word
combining form
a syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning-time number location and status
prefix
pertaining to
-ic, -al, -otic, -ac, -ar, -ous, -ical -tic
-algia, -dynia
pain
cyan/o
blue
leuk/o
white
poli/o
gray
erthry/o
red
melan/o
black
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
-malacia
softening
necrosis
tissue death
-sclerosis
abnormal hardening
-stenosis
abnormal narrowing
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
-graphy
process of recording
-gram
picture or record
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhaphy
suture
ab
away from
ad
toward
dextro
right
macro
large, long
DYs
bad
sub
under, below
sinistr/o
left
micro
small
super-, supra-
above
eu
good
-ectomy
surgical removal
ileum
the last and longest portion of the small intestine
aplasia
the defective development, or congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
hypoplasia
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs
hypertrophy
increase in bulk of body Part due to an increase in size of the organ but not the size of the cells
hyperplasia
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
anaplasia
change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
hospitalist
general medical care of hospitalized patients
distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
colles fracture
best to view a bone fracture
x-ray
a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
primary bone cancer
uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling
allogenic bone marrow transplant
painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints
arthritis
nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of a bone
closed reduction
three bones that come after the tympanic membrane; amplify the stimulus. and transmit it through an oval window leading to the fluid-filled inner ear. The amplification of sound in the inner ear induces electrical impulses that travel through auditory nerve to the CNS for interpretation
ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear
malleus
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
anatomical position
a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts
sagittal plane
the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
midsaggital plane
includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
dorsal cavity
located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis
ventral cavity
undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
adult stem cells
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
visceral peritoneum
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.
muscle tissue
Respiratory or salivary secretions are expelled from infected individual
example: the flu
droplet transmission
a gene that is expressed only when it is matched with a similar gene from the other parent
recessive gene
A gene that is expressed in the offspring whenever it is present-expressed if either parent has the gene
dominant gene
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
gout
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints
skeletal system
holds body erect
muscular system
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
fascia
found in cancellous-spongy bone; site of hematopoiesis
red bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
yellow bone marrow
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
axial skeleton
Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton-allow for body movement
appendicular skeeltion
consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together
fibrous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
cartilaginous joints
created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
synovial joints
stored in bones
calciumloss
of bone density
osteoporosis
osteopenia
thinner than Average bone density
muscles slanted or at an angle
oblique muscles
large muscle toward the outer side of the leg
vastus lateralis
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
stretching or tearing of ligaments
sprain
a condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon
strain
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone
achilles tendon
cell mediated immunity
t-cells
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
antigen
the watery fluid in the lymph vessels collected from the tissue spaces contains electrolytes and protein
lymph
produce antibodies
B-cells
passive immunity, resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease
natural immunity
a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism’s own cells
autoimmune disease
sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
alveoli
voice box
larynx
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
carcinoma insitu
distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
bronchorrehea
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.( asthma / bronchitis/ emphysema)
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
atelectasis
a lung collapse
the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward
inhalation
The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs.
exhalation
double-layered serous membrane that encloses and protects each lung
pleural membrane
A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
asthma
the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
endoarterial
pertaining to the inner portion of an artery or within an artery
a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue
sinus
pacemaker of the heart in the right atrium
SA node
a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products
plasma
plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the capillaries and into the spaces between the cells
interstitial fluid
arrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance
embolism
thrombosis
condition of a blood clot
low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
LDL
high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol)
HDL
