History midterm Flashcards
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New Hampshire
New England colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware
Middle colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Southern colonies
Colonists relationship with the native Americans
Indians taught the colonists how to grow tobacco
Later colonists tried to enable the Indians however they were too advanced
Their relationship was very positive at first but turned more negative once the colonists started treating them poorly
City upon a hill
Closer to god if they were “up on a hill” ( in Massachusetts)
Massachusetts should be the example for everyone else to look up to
Mentioned by John withdrop in a sermon
This phrase had a lasting impact on American identity and the beilef in American exceptionalism
-proved that it was possible to over throw the laws set in place
-region: Jamestown, Virginia
-unable to move up in economic status and gain land profit ( they didn’t get land they were guaranteed at the end of their servitude)
-they stoned Jamestown to wreak havoc and send a message
- appointed by general bacon
-limitations on trade with the natives
-most violet rebellion in history
-rights to vote as well as suffrage rights were granted
Bacons rebellion
The belief that a country’s wealth and power came from getting resources and trade from other regions that they can’t produce themselves
Mercantilism
A series of laws passed by England to control colonial trade and ensure that not goods were transported on English trips
These acts restricted colonial trade to benefit the British economy
Helped shape the relationship between the colonies and England
Navigation acts
Live a simple life
Seeked inner peace and promoting peace in the world
Value honesty and respect
Emphasized the importance of community and believed equality was a fundamental principle for the quakers
Disliked slavery
Better relationship with the natives because they viewed everyone as equal
They passifissts
Quaker values
Founded Massachusetts
The whole purpose of their government was to enforce God’s laws and this applied to both believers and non-believers
Only church leaders could govern
Believe in God as your Lord and Savior.
Follow the Commandments and his Ordinance through your everyday life
Use God as a way to come together as a community.
He came up with a City Upon A Hill
John Winthrop
Led Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia against the colonial government
It was a significant event that highlighted the tensions between the wealthy and the poor
Tensions between colonial government and the Native American Tribes
Nathaniel bacon
An important figure in colonial America
He was a Quaker and the founder of Pennsylvania
Established the colony as a safe haven for religious freedom and tolerance
his vision for Pennsylvania included fair treatment for the Native Americans and a representative government
His ideas had a lasting impact on the US
William Penn
Prominant figure during the colonial era
She was a Puritan woman who challenged the religious authorities of the time
She held religious meetings in her home and questioned the teachings of Puritan leaders
Led to her trial and eventual banisment from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Moved to Rhode Island
Ann Hutchison
Regional economies in the colonies:
The New England Colonies relied heavily on fishing, shipbuilding, and trade
The Middle colonies had a more diverse economy with agriculture, trade, and manufacturing
The Southern Colonies had an economy centered around cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo, which were cultivated on large plantations using enslaved labor.
Colonial Lifestyle:
Split by the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies
Religion and Purtitan influence in the New England colonies
Middle colonies were more religiously diverse (French eugonits, different pacifist groups, quakers)
Southern colony religion was based around different forms of protestantism
Southern was more agricultural
Wealthy people lived closer to the coast (near waterways)
Larger cities in the North, more rural areas in the south
Purposes for settlement
New Engand - English people moved for religious and job opportunities
Middle colonies - moved for land freedom and jobs
Southern - Moved for open land and chances to make money
Colonists (British) and Native Americans fought against the French and Indians
french and Indian war
Causes of the french and Indian War
Economy dispute over fur trade
Fur is the biggest driver of the conflict
Land disputes along the Ohio River Valley
Britain and France are the two biggest naval powers
Fighting over mercantilism
Fighting over Ohio River Valley
Effects of the french and indian War
French have lost all land in North America
Proclamation line of 1763: colonies are not supposed to go west of it.
All colonies live east, all native americans live west.
Massive debt for British and France
New taxes and laws passed without colonial assemblies
Beginning of parliamentary sovereignty (English officials assumed that Parliament must have ultimate authority over ALL laws & taxes)
Crackdown on smuggling
No respect on either side of the relationship between British and colonists
Britain and France became rivals
Issued by the British government after the French and Indian War
It was aimed to prevent conflicts with Native Americans by prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
Limited westward expansion and created tension between the colonists and British government
All colonists live east of the Appalachian Mountains and Native Americans live west of the Appalachian Mountains
Proclamation of 1763
Short term impact of the french and indian war
France lost all land in North America (for the time being)
Left British with a large debt → increased taxes on the colonists
Limited westward expansion
Long Term Impact of the french and indian War
Toxic relationship between the colonists and Great Britain
French lost land in North America → British dominance → American Revolution
The victory for the British fueled their arrogance and belief in authority over the colonies
Cause: Established to help replenish their finances after the costly Seven Years’ War with France
Definition - An act that put revenue stamps on most printed papers in the colonies, including all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, etc.
Impact - Repealed w/ in a year b/c of protests, Sons of Liberty & Stamp Act Congress (1st colonial assembly)
Merchants that were selling the goods stopped getting taxed, and now the buyers were being taxed.
Used to support the military and pay off debt from the French and Indian War
stamp act
Stamp Act Congress
Discussed rights and brought together leaders from different colonies
United America in a way because they were all talking and discussing
a grassroots group of instigators and provocateurs in colonial America who used an extreme form of civil disobedience—threats, and in some cases actual violence—to intimidate loyalists and outrage the British government. The goal of the radicals was to push moderate colonial leaders into a confrontation with the British Crown.
the sons of liberty
actions of the sons of liberty
The Sons of Liberty rallied support for colonial resistance through the use of petitions, assemblies, and propaganda, and they sometimes resorted to violence against British officials.
impacts of the sons of liberty
The Sons of Liberty effectively undermined British rule, paving the way to America’s independence. Moreover, the Daughters of Liberty helped to pave the way for later women’s groups that did even more to support the American Revolutionary War or to care for wounded soldiers
Social Contract
It was the idea that government exists with consent of the governed that led the revolutionaries to break free of Britain. It sets out what the government can and cannot do. The term “social contract” refers to the idea that the state exists only to serve the will of the people, who are the source of all political power enjoyed by the state.
The battles occured over a span of 9 days (December 26, 1776-January 3, 177)
Notable as the first successes won by the Revolutionary general, George Washington in the open field
The victories restored American morale and renewed confidence in Washington
The battle of Trenton + Princeton
September 19, 1777 - October 7, 1777
The Americans used new strategies called the guerilla tactics- developed by Green Mountain Boys - nontraditional tactic
Americans were spirited and held hope
Showed British laziness and failure to reinforce
One of the turning points of the American Revolution
It convinced the French to give the U.S. Military support - Ben Franklin
It ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River
Showed the French that the Americans had potential to beat their enemy- the British
It showed the British how important mercantilism was - if they lost the war then they would lose everything
RESULT: The British surrendered and changed their strategy
Battle of Saratoga
Causes of the Revolution
Colonial opposition to British control
Taxation without representation
French and Indian War - left Britain with a huge debt so they started taxing the American colonies to pay for it
The colonists felt it was unfair, provoking their desire for independence
Common sense
It establishes the idea that no singular ruler should not be ruling overall
Thomas Paine writes Common Sense in January of 1776 to convince people that if they have common sense, they would realize that monarchy is bad and that they should get independence.
They need to break from England
Declaration of independence
By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists’ motivations for seeking independence.
Four main ideas expressed in the declaration: equality, unalienable rights, consent of the governed, and the right to alter or abolish the government
The committee included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman.
Accomplishments: Declared the colonies’ independence from Britain, established the rights of individuals and inspired other revolutions around the world. It laid the foundation for the formation of the United States as a democratic nation
He is credited as the founder of modern “liberal” thought, he pioneered the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution that proved essential to both the American Revolution and the US Constitution that followed
He is notable for making the statement that all men have the right to pursue “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property” in the Declaration of Independence
His notion of the social contract influenced American colonists by bringing back the ideas that allowed them to fight for their natural born rights and overthrow a government that refused to protect them
John Locke
In 1776, he established the Common Sense, a strong defense of American Independence from England (convinced many Americans that it was time to declare independence from Britain)
He traveled with the Continental Army and wasn’t a success as a soldier, but he produced The American Crisis (1776-1783)(Made to urge colonists to join and fight against British
Thomas Paine
