history test 5/15

Question 1

Contended that slavery did great harm to the poor whites of the south
Very controversial
Southerners viewed the book as a direct attack to their way of life.
Favored by the northerners

Answer 1

Impending Crisis of the South

Question 2

Greatly strengthened northern anti-slavery feeling
Book that highlighted the horrors of slavery
Hated by south
Liked by the north

Answer 2

Uncle Toms Cabin

Question 3

New England Emigrant Aid Company.
Rifles and firearms used to fight against the pro-slavery people of Kanasa.
Part of a broader bleeding Kansas conflict.

Answer 3

Beecher’s bibles

Question 4

Goal was to make kansas a slave state
Pro-slavery faction in kansas tried to rig the proccess by calling a constitutional convention in Lecompton because it was dominated by slavery supporters.
Sparked a huge political fight

Answer 4

Lecompton Constitution

Question 5

Anti-immigrant, anti-catholic political party
Pushed for restrictions on immigration and naturalization, as well as limits on the political power of catholics
Very short lived

Answer 5

Know-Nothing Party (or American party)

Question 6

Centered around an enslaved man who lived with his enslaver in free states and territories and argued that this should have made him a free man
The supreme court decided that dred scott was not a citizen and no right to sue the government
Massive blow to the anti-slavery movement
Southerns considered this a win for the pro-slavery people

Answer 6

Dred Scott case

Question 7

-Financial crisis that was caused by a combination of factors including overexpansion of the economy, speculation in railroads and land, and a decline in international trade.
The panic led to widespread bankruptcies, unemployment, and severe economic decline.
Took a major toll on the economy and took the country a long time to recover.

Answer 7

Panic of 1857

Question 8

Lincoln and Douglas held public debates on a wide range of issues
Helpful in Lincoln’s election years later
Helped define the fault lines between the north and south.

Answer 8

Lincoln-Douglas debates

Question 9

It emerged in 1860 as a response to the deepening sectional divide over the issue of slavery.
The party aimed to preserve the Union by avoiding contentious issues like slavery and focusing instead on maintaining the Constitution and the rule of law.
Despite its efforts, the _____________ failed to gain significant traction nationally.

Answer 9

Constitutional Union Party

Question 10

The first state to secede from the union

Answer 10

South Carolina
Confederate States of America

Question 11

The compromise was aimed to address the growing tensions between the North and South by extending the Missouri compromise line and protecting slavery in certain territories.
The compromise was rejected by both Northern and Southern politicians.
The failing of the compromise was a missed opportunity to prevent the outbreak of the Civil war.

Answer 11

Crittenden Compromise

Question 12

The election highlighted the deepening sectional divide between the North and the South over the issue of slavery. The Republican Party, formed in the 1850s as an anti-slavery party, nominated Abraham Lincoln, while the Democratic Party split into Northern and Southern factions over slavery.
Lincoln’s victory in the election signaled the ascendancy of the Republican Party and its anti-slavery platform. His election as the first Republican president prompted Southern states to view his presidency as a threat to their way of life and led to the secession of Southern states from the Union.
Following Lincoln’s election, seven Southern states seceded from the Union before he even took office in March 1861.
marked the disintegration of the Second Party System, which had been dominated by the Democratic and Whig Parties.

Answer 12

election of 1860

Question 13

is the time between when a new president is elected and when they officially start their job. During this time, the current president is still in charge, but their power might be limited because they won’t be in office for much longer. It’s like a transition period between old and new leadership.

Answer 13

Lame-duck period

Question 14

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 14

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 15

Orchestrated the raid on Harpers Ferry in hopes of starting a slave rebellion
He was executed due to his actions
The raid did spark inspiration for the northerns and conflict with the southerners

Answer 15

John Brown

Question 16

was a congressman from South Carolina who attacked another congressman, Charles Sumner, with a cane on the Senate floor in 1856. The incident highlighted the intense divisions over slavery in the United States before the Civil War.

Answer 16

Preston Brooks

Question 17

an American explorer, military officer, and politician in the 19th century. He gained fame for his expeditions exploring the American West, particularly the Oregon Trail and California.
first republican candidate

Answer 17

John C Fremont

Question 18

an American politician who served as the 14th Vice President of the United States under President James Buchanan from 1857 to 1861.
He was also a candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1860 as the candidate of the Southern Democrats.
supported the expansion of slavery into the western territories, which was a major issue at the time.
He eventually became a general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, serving the Confederate States of America.

Answer 18

John C Breckenridge

Question 19

an American politician who served as the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
led the Southern states in their fight to secede from the Union and preserve slavery

Answer 19

Jefferson Davis

Question 20

member of the Democratic Party and served as a U.S. Senator from Illinois. Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858, where he debated Abraham Lincoln during their campaign for the U.S. Senate.
The debates focused on the issue of slavery and attracted national attention. supported the concept of popular sovereignty,

Answer 20

Stephen Douglas

Question 21

who wrote a book called “The Impending Crisis of the South.” In it, he argued that slavery was bad for the economy of the Southern states and kept poor white people from getting ahead.
His book was controversial but became popular with people who opposed slavery. It added to the tensions between the North and South before the Civil War.

Answer 21

Hinton R. Helper

Question 22

remembered for his inability to prevent the outbreak of the American Civil War during his presidency.
believed that slavery was protected by the Constitution and that states did not have the right to secede from the Union.
his efforts to mediate between the North and South were largely unsuccessful

Answer 22

James Buchanan

Question 23

He was a U.S. Senator from Massachusetts and a leading abolitionist.
best known for an incident in 1856 when he was attacked on the Senate floor by a congressman named Preston Brooks.
Sumner had given a speech strongly criticizing slavery and its supporters, and Brooks, who was from South Carolina, took offense and physically assaulted him with a cane.

Answer 23

Charles Sumner

Question 24

Explain how the Dred Scott decision and Brown’s Harpers Ferry raid deepened sectional antagonism.

Answer 24

The Dred Scott decision ruled that whether enslaved or free, could not be considered U.S. citizens. This had a huge impact on the abolitionist movement in the north because it seemed like a push for the expansion of slavery.

John Brown’s ferry raid was an attempt at a slave rebellion. While this plan failed, it horrified many southerners and convinced them that the north was out to destroy the institution of slavery by any means necessary.

Question 25

Describe the movement toward secession, the formation of the Confederacy, and the failure of the last compromise effort.

Answer 25

After Lincoln was elected president, his election was seen as a threat to the institution of slavery. South Carolina was the first to secede from the union and shortly after, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas followed suit.

As the states were seceding, the Crittenden Compromise was proposed but was rejected, this was the last effort for compromise between the North and South before the Civil War.

The confederacy was established after the failed compromise and took control of federal forts and arsenals within its territory. This ultimately led to the first shots of the civil war.

Question 26

Explain how the issue of slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico disrupted American politics from 1848-50.

Answer 26

The issue of slavery disrupted American politics because it was a big debate on whether these new territories were going to be free or slave states. The free soil party emerged because of this as they advocated for keeping slavery out of the new territories. Southern politicians threatened succession if the north didn’t listen to them. This led to the Compromise of 1850 which was supposed to ease tensions but ultimately there was nothing to be done to avoid the coming war that was about to erupt.

Question 27

Describe Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act and explain why it stirred the sectional controversy to new heights.

Answer 27

Repealed the Missouri compromise and let settlers into those territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery.
This was very controversial because northerners were very passionate about the Missouri compromise and southerners thought that people didn’t have the right to ban slavery, increasing tensions.

Question 28

The Whigs chose _________ as their candidate for slavery in the election
Did not have an official stance on slavery, but owned many slaves
Won the election of 1848
Seemed ready to veto any compromise over slavery between the North and South that went through Congress when he was president.

Answer 28

Zach Taylor

Question 29

In the democracy convention of 1852, the democrats chose ________ as their presidential candidate
He supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Law.
Won the election of 1852
This election marked the end of the Whig Party

Answer 29

Franklin Pierce

Question 30

Illinois politician who help smooth over sectional conflict in 1850 but then reignited it in 1854

A senator who tried to break the North-South deadlock over westward expansion
Was in support of Henry Clay’s compromises
proposed the Territory of Nebraska to be sliced into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska
This Kansas-Nebraska Act conflicted with the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which forbade slavery in the proposed Nebraska Territory. Douglas was forced to propose the repealing of the Missouri Compromise.

Answer 30

Stephan Douglas

Question 31

Spoke at the congressional debate of 1850 with “the immortal trio, “ Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster.
called for people to make concessions and support Clay’s proposals to maintain the Union (Seventh of March Speech). He was against slavery, but he viewed the collapse of the Union as worse.
Northern spokesmen whose support for the compromise of 1850 earned him the hatred of abolitionists

Answer 31

Daniel Webster

Question 32

Senator of New York;
opposed slavery and because of this, he opposed Clay’s proposals
He argued that God’s moral law was higher than the Constitution.

Answer 32

William Seward

Question 33

At the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore, the Democrats chose General Lewis Cass, a veteran of the War of 1812, as their candidate for the presidency.
Cass was not against slavery; he supported popular sovereignty.
Nickname was Gass

Answer 33

Lewis Cass

Question 34

He persuaded the Japanese in 1854 to sign a memorable treaty.

Answer 34

Matthew Perry

Question 35

Military hero of the Mexican war who became the Whig’s last presidential candidate in 1852.

Answer 35

Winfield Scott

Question 36

government based on consent of the people.

Answer 36

Popular Sov.

Question 37

The divider between the North and South states/separated the free and slave states.

Answer 37

Mason Dixon Line

Question 38

Series of laws that tried to settle the debate over slavery as the country was expanding westward.
Admitted California as a free state
Strengthened the fugitive slave act.
Proposed by Henry Clay.

Answer 38

-Compromise of 1850

Question 39

The Southerners believed that the original fugitive slave law needed revision because of the recent issue of runaway slaves.
With the new law, slaves couldn’t testify on their own behalf, northerners that help slaves escape were subject to harsh fines and jail sentences or could be ordered to join the slave catchers.
This led to many moderates to join the antislavery movement.

Answer 39

Fugitive Slave Law

Question 40

Developed when the Whigs and Democrats both tried to stay neutral on the issues of slavery.
Free soilers were very against slavery
Their representative was Martin Van Buren
Thought that with slavery, wage labor would wither away and so would the chance for the American worker to own property.

Answer 40

Free Soiler Party

Question 41

Repealed the Missouri compromise and let settlers into those territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery.
Led to a lot of tensions and violence as pro- and anti- slavery forces clashed.

Answer 41

Kansas Nebraska Act

Question 42

When the U.S. bought a chunk of land from Mexico to build a southern railroad route.
Expanded the U.S. by 29,000 miles

Answer 42

Gadsden Purchase