Med Surg-Quiz 6

Question 1

foreign body that does not have the characteristics of “self” cell surface markers. Each body’s “self” surface markers are unique like a handprint. Mine is not the same as yours. They may look the same, but when examined more, each has a different line pattern or characteristic that makes it unique.

Answer 1

Antigen

Question 2

histocompatibility markers to identify as “self.”

Answer 2

Human Leukocytic Antigens – (HLA’s)

Question 3

What are the two basic types of immunity:

Answer 3

innate and acquired

Question 4

the body’s first line of defense. Nonspecific responses to invaders. Same response every time. Lacks a memory. Gene specific.

Answer 4

Innate

Question 5

1. Skin
2. Tears
3. Ear wax
4. Nasal hairs
5. Stomach acids
6. Vaginal secretions
7. Acidic urine

Answer 5

Examples of Innate Immunity

Question 6

has specificity and memory

Answer 6

Acquired Immunity

Question 7

What are the 5 types of antibodies?

Answer 7

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE

Question 8

Initial immune response. Largest size. Activates the complement system. Responsible for blood type matching

Answer 8

IgM

Question 9

Found in blood. Crosses the placenta to protect newborns by

passive immunity. Activates the complement system.

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

Innate Immunity: found in saliva, mucus membranes, tears, etc. Defends external body surfaces.

Answer 10

IgA

Question 11

Antigen receptor. Found on B-lymphocytes.

Answer 11

IgD

Question 12

Eliminates parasitic invaders. Releases histamine. Normal response until becomes excessive due to allergies and causes anaphylactic shock. (Link the “E” to the role of epi-pens)

Answer 12

IgE

Question 13

What are the 4 purposes of Immunoglobulins?

Answer 13

1. directly attack antigens
2. activate the complement system
3. release histamine
4. stimulate hypersensitivity reaction

Question 14

“Grave Muscular weakness” Impaired reception of the ACh (acetylcholine) molecule at the neuromuscular connection. This reception is needed to stimulate an action potential to create a muscle contraction.

Answer 14

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 15

Signified by a facial rash (Butterfly rash)

Auto-Antibodies circulate and destroy multiple systems in the body. Different for each patient.

Answer 15

Systemic Lupus Erthyematosus

Question 16

What are the Four Types of Tissue Transplantation?

Answer 16

1. Allograft
2. Isograft
3. Autograft
4. Xenograft

Question 17

transfer between same species

Answer 17

allograft

Question 18

transfer between identical twins

Answer 18

isograft

Question 19

transfer from own body

Answer 19

autograft

Question 20

transfer from one species to another

Answer 20

xenograft

Question 21

Acquired by exchange of bodily fluids containing HIV. The infected fluid must gain access to the potential host’s bodily fluids. NOT acquired via casual contact. Body loses its innate ability to protect against disease.

Answer 21

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Question 22

Defined as “any microorganism that has the capability to cause disease.”
Many varieties as to how a pathogen works and where they originate

Answer 22

Pathogen

Question 23

defined as “an environment in which organism can live and multiply, such as an animal, plant, soil, food, or other organic substance or combination of substances.”

Answer 23

Reservoir

Question 24

“The place from which the parasite leaves the reservoir.” The front door of the “Motel 6.”

Examples: urine, feces, blood, secretions, exudates

Answer 24

Portal of Exit

Question 25

touch the organism itself from person to person or touch something an infected person touched.

Answer 25

Direct or Indirect contact (mode of transmission)

Question 26

tuberculosis, chicken pox, measles

Answer 26

Airborne – (mode of transmission)

Question 27

coughs, sneezes. Droplet fall within 3 feet of source.

Answer 27

Droplet (mode of transmission)

Question 28

transmitted through a common source like food, water, IV fluids

Answer 28

Vehicle (mode of transmission)

Question 29

How the pathogen enters the new host. Examples: bites, ingestion, direct contact between open areas, inhalation

Answer 29

Portal of Entry

Question 30

Highly contagious. Should be controllable with universal precautions. Pt will experience severe diarrhea.

Answer 30

Clostridium Difficile

Question 31

Cannot invade through intact skin. Normally resides on skin. Invades when skin is broken.

Answer 31

Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 32

Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites. These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining. Sometimes the bacteria remain confined to the skin. But they can also penetrate into the body, causing potentially life-threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs.

Answer 32

MRSA

Question 33

A chronic bacterial infection of the lungs. Acquired by inhalation of a dried droplet nucleus that contains the bacteria. *Need to wear duck-bill mask.

Answer 33

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 34

acute or chronic inflammation of the liver

Answer 34

Hepatitis

Question 35

Otherwise known as the flesh-eating bacteria! Affected body part will decay and die.

Answer 35

Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis

Question 36

transmitted by inhaling infected droplets or cross contamination from open sores.

Answer 36

Primary Varicella Zoster Virus (chicken pox)

Question 37

“Shingles” - Herpes zoster (reactivation of VZV)

Answer 37

Secondary Varicella Zoster Virus