Med Surg-Quiz 14

Question 1

harmless neoplasm, dysplasia, or hyperplasia. Unable to spread.

Answer 1

Benign

Question 2

neoplasm is detrimental to surrounding tissue health. Able to spread to other tissues

Answer 2

Malignant

Question 3

Malignant cells break away from primary cite
Transported via blood or lymphatic system
Land at new tissue and start to invade

Answer 3

Metastases

Question 4

=cancer= new growth

Answer 4

Neoplasm

Question 5

Slow-growing malignancy
Surface cancer
Non-invasive to blood or subcutaneous tissues

Answer 5

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Question 6

Slow growing, but can become invasive to surrounding tissues;

Answer 6

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 7

Highly invasive
Fast growing
DEADLY – quick metastasis to lymphatics Early excision has a 5 year survival rate of 90%

Answer 7

Melanoma

Question 8

A need to urinate frequently, especially at night
Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine
Inability to urinate
Weak or interrupted flow of urine
Painful or burning urination
Painful ejaculation
Blood in urine or semen
Frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs

Answer 8

S/S of Prostate Cancer

Question 9

removal of the entire prostate, the seminal vesicles, a portion of the bladder neck, and regional lymph nodes

Answer 9

Radical prostatectomy

Question 10

During this, a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. A small wire loop on the end is used to remove the cancerous area and to burn away any remaining cancer cells with an electric current.

Answer 10

Transurethral resection of the prostate (or TURP)

Question 11

Cigarette smoking is directly responsible for most cases of this.

Answer 11

Bladder Cancer Risk Factors

Question 12

The doctor may treat early stages with this. During this, a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. A small wire loop on the end is used to remove the cancerous area and to burn away any remaining cancer cells with an electric current.

Answer 12

Transurethral resection (TUR)

Question 13

is the removal of the entire bladder, the nearby lymph nodes, part of the urethra, and the nearby organs that may contain cancer cells. In men, the nearby organs that are removed are the prostate, seminal vesicles, and part of the vas deferens. In women, the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and part of the vagina are removed.

Answer 13

Radical cystectomy

Question 14

onset age between 20-40. Begins with a single involved lymph node that then progresses in a direct line along the chain of nodes and spreads to the organs via lymph system.

Answer 14

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 15

Diagnosed by Reed-Sternberg cells (specific type of abnormal lymphocytes) 90% survival rate.

Answer 15

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 16

Begins at nodes throughout the body and progresses to metastasis easily. Many different types. Involves mutation of T or B lymphocytes. “Approximately 30 to 60 percent of patients with an aggressive form of this can be cured.”

Answer 16

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 17

Attacks the immune system and produces lesions along bones, creating fractures and weakening of skeletal system.

Answer 17

Multiple Myeloma

Question 18

refers to genetic defects that were present at birth.

Answer 18

Congenital

Question 19

when there is a single X chromosome and no corresponding X or Y. (Denoted as “Monosomy X” or XO). *Refer to nondisjunction slide.
Presents as:
Female body, although abnormally developed.
Short stature
Broad neck
Broad, flattened chest with widespread nipples
Usually spontaneously aborted. Occurrence at birth is 1 : 2500 female births. Will be sterile.

Answer 19

Turner’s Syndrome

Question 20

A nondisjunction occurs during meiosis. The female egg is left with two X chromosomes. Then the male sperm adds its X chromosome, resulting in (XXX).

Answer 20

Triple X Syndrome

Question 21

A nondisjunctioned XY sperm chromosome meets with the X female egg chromosome resulting in XXY.

Answer 21

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Question 22

Down Syndrome

Answer 22

Trisomy 21

Question 23

5th chromosome is missing the short end

Answer 23

Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome

Question 24

“Brittle Bone Disease”

Answer 24

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 25

Chloride transport inhibited

Answer 25

Cystic FIbrosis

Question 26

Linked to defective 15th chromosome, chronic insatiable hunger

Answer 26

Prader Willi Syndrome

Question 27

Lack of specific clotting factors: type A, B, or C

Answer 27

Hemophilia

Question 28

mutation of the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome.

Answer 28

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

Question 29

Common cause of dwarfism

Answer 29

Achondroplasia

Question 30

incomplete fusion of the posterior vertebral arch.

Answer 30

Spina Bifida

Question 31

external protrusion of the meninges (membranes covering the spinal cord)

Answer 31

Meningocele

Question 32

external protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord.

Answer 32

Myelomeningocele

Question 33

Etiology- Folic acid deficiency

Answer 33

Neural Tube Deformities