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PTA 160- Med Surg > Med Surg-Quiz 11 > Flashcards

Med Surg-Quiz 11 Flashcards

1
Q

RA & RV (Right Atrium, Right Ventricle)

A

tricuspid valve

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2
Q

RV & Pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary

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3
Q

LA & LV

A

mitral (Bicuspid)

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4
Q

LV & aorta

A

aortic (semilunar)

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5
Q

sinoatrial node = “pacemaker”

Located in the right atrium.

A

SA node

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6
Q

Path of bloodflow

A

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, RA, Tricuspid Valve, RV, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Trunk, Pulmonary Arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary Veins, LA, Biscupid Valve, LV, Aortic Valve, Aorta

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7
Q

contraction phase

A

Systole

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8
Q

filling phase

A

Diastole

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9
Q

“lub”- closure of bicuspid and tricuspid valves; beginning of systole

A

S1

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10
Q

“dub”- closure of aortic and pulmonary valves; end of systole

A

S2

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11
Q

abnormal ventricular “gallop”. Heard after S2 (heart murmur)

A

S3

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12
Q

abnormal atrial “gallop”. Heard before S1 (heart murmur)

A

S4

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13
Q

amount of contractions per minute.

A

Heart Rate

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14
Q

amount of blood ejected from ventricle with each contraction.

A

Stroke Volume

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15
Q

amount of blood (L) that is ejected from the ventricles per minute; CO= HR x SV. Normal is 4-6 L/min.

A

Cardiac Output

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16
Q

Percentage of total blood volume actually ejected from the ventricle. Never 100%. Always some reserved. EF = SV ÷ LVEDV (left ventricle end diastolic volume). Normal rate of 55-75%. Describes efficiency and strength of heart contractility.

A

Ejection Fraction

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17
Q

average pressure in the arteries over time. Normal is >60 mmHg. (Systolic + twice diastolic, then divide by 3.)

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

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18
Q

decrease in BP upon change in position from supine to sit to stand. Clinical signs: patient will report light-headedness or faintness upon head elevation. Can be managed with meds, TED hose, abdominal binder, circulation exercises

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

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19
Q

NORMAL: ≤ 119/79, Pre HTN= 120-130/80-89, Stage 1= 130-140/90-100, Stage 2= 140-160/100-110, Stage 3 >160/>110

A

Hypertension- (HTN)

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20
Q

build up of plaque inside the lumen of the arteries.

A

Atherosclerosis

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21
Q

RV failure- causes cor pulmonale; heart failure from increased arterial pressure in pulmonary artery; from COPD.

A

cor pulmonale

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22
Q

death of cells occurs as a result of complete ischemia. NOT reversible.

A

Infarction

23
Q

atrial contraction (depolarization)

A

P wave

24
Q

filling time for the ventricles

A

PR segment

25
Q

ventricular contraction

A

QRS complex

26
Q

return to baseline

A

ST segment

27
Q

ventricular relaxation (repolarization)

A

T wave

28
Q

cold causes constriction and decreased circulation to distal extremities;
“Functional” dysfunction (vasomotor disorder): spasms of the vessel walls; this is an example of…

A

Raynaud’s Disease

29
Q

exercise induced pain in the lower extremities that resolves with rest. Caused by atherosclerosis due to hypoxia to tissues; oxygen demand does not equal oxygen circulation and supply.

A

Intermittant claudication

30
Q

“Stroke”

A

CVA

31
Q

resembles a stroke in its symptoms, but will resolve within 24 hours and will not have permanent changes. WARNING SIGN FOR STROKES!!! Indicates thrombotic disease
Often called a “mini-stroke.”

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

32
Q 
abnormal dilation of greater than 50% normal size of the artery, vein or heart wall
Common causes: 
Trauma to the vessel wall
Congenital malformations
Infection
Atherosclerosis
A

Aneurysm

33
Q

atmospheric pressure > internal lung pressure

A

Inspiration

34
Q

atmospheric pressure < internal lung pressure

A

Expiration

35
Q

references only the physical movement of air through the pathways.

A

Ventilation

36
Q

incorporates an exchange of gas between body tissues.

A

Respiration

37
Q

the amount of air inspired and expired during normal resting ventilation

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

38
Q

collapsed lung

A

Atelectasis

39
Q

punctured lung

A

Pneumothorax

40
Q

excessive fluid in pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

41
Q

excessive fluid in alveoli interstitial space

A

Pulmonary edema

42
Q

blood clot that obstructs the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary embolus

43
Q

foreign material into lungs and blocks airflow or causes infection

A

Aspiration

44
Q

collection of pus in the pleural space

A

Empyema

45
Q

normal soft, rustling sounds

A

Vesicular

46
Q

louder, more hollow and echoing sound

A

Bronchial

47
Q

very quiet and barely audible

A

Decreased

48
Q

rustling sound superimposed over lung auscultations

A

Crackles/rales

49
Q

whistling sound superimposed over lung auscultations

A

Wheezing

50
Q

Infant Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

HMD - Hyaline Membrane Disease

51
Q

Etiology: asbestos exposure

A

Mesothelioma

52
Q

“Pink puffers”

A

Emphysema

53
Q

“blue bloaters”

A

Chronic Bronchitis

PTA 160- Med Surg (15 decks)

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