Med Surg-Quiz 11

Question 1

RA & RV (Right Atrium, Right Ventricle)

Answer 1

tricuspid valve

Question 2

RV & Pulmonary artery

Answer 2

pulmonary

Question 3

LA & LV

Answer 3

mitral (Bicuspid)

Question 4

LV & aorta

Answer 4

aortic (semilunar)

Question 5

sinoatrial node = “pacemaker”

Located in the right atrium.

Answer 5

SA node

Question 6

Path of bloodflow

Answer 6

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, RA, Tricuspid Valve, RV, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Trunk, Pulmonary Arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary Veins, LA, Biscupid Valve, LV, Aortic Valve, Aorta

Question 7

contraction phase

Answer 7

Systole

Question 8

filling phase

Answer 8

Diastole

Question 9

“lub”- closure of bicuspid and tricuspid valves; beginning of systole

Answer 9

S1

Question 10

“dub”- closure of aortic and pulmonary valves; end of systole

Answer 10

S2

Question 11

abnormal ventricular “gallop”. Heard after S2 (heart murmur)

Answer 11

S3

Question 12

abnormal atrial “gallop”. Heard before S1 (heart murmur)

Answer 12

S4

Question 13

amount of contractions per minute.

Answer 13

Heart Rate

Question 14

amount of blood ejected from ventricle with each contraction.

Answer 14

Stroke Volume

Question 15

amount of blood (L) that is ejected from the ventricles per minute; CO= HR x SV. Normal is 4-6 L/min.

Answer 15

Cardiac Output

Question 16

Percentage of total blood volume actually ejected from the ventricle. Never 100%. Always some reserved. EF = SV ÷ LVEDV (left ventricle end diastolic volume). Normal rate of 55-75%. Describes efficiency and strength of heart contractility.

Answer 16

Ejection Fraction

Question 17

average pressure in the arteries over time. Normal is >60 mmHg. (Systolic + twice diastolic, then divide by 3.)

Answer 17

Mean Arterial Pressure

Question 18

decrease in BP upon change in position from supine to sit to stand. Clinical signs: patient will report light-headedness or faintness upon head elevation. Can be managed with meds, TED hose, abdominal binder, circulation exercises

Answer 18

Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 19

NORMAL: ≤ 119/79, Pre HTN= 120-130/80-89, Stage 1= 130-140/90-100, Stage 2= 140-160/100-110, Stage 3 >160/>110

Answer 19

Hypertension- (HTN)

Question 20

build up of plaque inside the lumen of the arteries.

Answer 20

Atherosclerosis

Question 21

RV failure- causes cor pulmonale; heart failure from increased arterial pressure in pulmonary artery; from COPD.

Answer 21

cor pulmonale

Question 22

death of cells occurs as a result of complete ischemia. NOT reversible.

Answer 22

Infarction

Question 23

atrial contraction (depolarization)

Answer 23

P wave

Question 24

filling time for the ventricles

Answer 24

PR segment

Question 25

ventricular contraction

Answer 25

QRS complex

Question 26

return to baseline

Answer 26

ST segment

Question 27

ventricular relaxation (repolarization)

Answer 27

T wave

Question 28

cold causes constriction and decreased circulation to distal extremities; “Functional” dysfunction (vasomotor disorder): spasms of the vessel walls; this is an example of...

Answer 28

Raynaud’s Disease

Question 29

exercise induced pain in the lower extremities that resolves with rest. Caused by atherosclerosis due to hypoxia to tissues; oxygen demand does not equal oxygen circulation and supply.

Answer 29

Intermittant claudication

Question 30

"Stroke"

Answer 30

CVA

Question 31

resembles a stroke in its symptoms, but will resolve within 24 hours and will not have permanent changes. WARNING SIGN FOR STROKES!!! Indicates thrombotic disease Often called a “mini-stroke.”

Answer 31

Transient Ischemic Attack

Question 32

``` abnormal dilation of greater than 50% normal size of the artery, vein or heart wall Common causes: Trauma to the vessel wall Congenital malformations Infection Atherosclerosis ```

Answer 32

Aneurysm

Question 33

atmospheric pressure > internal lung pressure

Answer 33

Inspiration

Question 34

atmospheric pressure < internal lung pressure

Answer 34

Expiration

Question 35

references only the physical movement of air through the pathways.

Answer 35

Ventilation

Question 36

incorporates an exchange of gas between body tissues.

Answer 36

Respiration

Question 37

the amount of air inspired and expired during normal resting ventilation

Answer 37

Tidal Volume (TV)

Question 38

collapsed lung

Answer 38

Atelectasis

Question 39

punctured lung

Answer 39

Pneumothorax

Question 40

excessive fluid in pleural cavity

Answer 40

Pleural effusion

Question 41

excessive fluid in alveoli interstitial space

Answer 41

Pulmonary edema

Question 42

blood clot that obstructs the pulmonary artery

Answer 42

Pulmonary embolus

Question 43

foreign material into lungs and blocks airflow or causes infection

Answer 43

Aspiration

Question 44

collection of pus in the pleural space

Answer 44

Empyema

Question 45

normal soft, rustling sounds

Answer 45

Vesicular

Question 46

louder, more hollow and echoing sound

Answer 46

Bronchial

Question 47

very quiet and barely audible

Answer 47

Decreased

Question 48

rustling sound superimposed over lung auscultations

Answer 48

Crackles/rales

Question 49

whistling sound superimposed over lung auscultations

Answer 49

Wheezing

Question 50

Infant Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 50

HMD - Hyaline Membrane Disease

Question 51

Etiology: asbestos exposure

Answer 51

Mesothelioma

Question 52

“Pink puffers”

Answer 52

Emphysema

Question 53

“blue bloaters”

Answer 53

Chronic Bronchitis