Med Surg-Quiz 3 Flashcards
What is the PT diagnosis?
The patient’s signs/symptoms/clinical manifestations from the medical diagnosis
What is a foley catheter?
inserted into the bladder to collect urine. Tube extends down and collects urine in a bag.
What is a nasal cannula?
provides supplemental O₂ via nasal passages.
What is an oximizer?
nasal cannula with special attachment “trough” meant to assist with decreasing loss of supplemental oxygen. Provides a “reservoir” for O₂ to stay rather than be lost during exhalation.
What is a venturi mask?
“a respiratory therapy face mask designed to allow inspired air to mix with oxygen, which is supplied through a jet at a fixed concentration.” Can control flow rate and percent delivered manually through a valve.
What is a non-rebreather mask?
another type of device to preserves O₂ delivered from external tank. Uses a mask with a bag attached to catch O₂
What is CPAP?
provided continuous positive airway pressure for patients with apnea
What is BIPAP?
provides bi-level positive airway pressure, adjusts with inhale/exhale
What are chest tubes?
remove accumulation of fluids in pericardium, pleural space or mediastinum
What is a peripheral IV?
IV fluids administered usually in UE
What is a central line?
A catheter that is passed through a vein to end up in the thoracic portion of the vena cava or in the right atrium of the heart. Usually inserted in neck area.
What is a PICC line?
peripherally inserted central catheter. Same purpose, but can be left in longer periods.
What is suction?
tube attached to collection basin on wall. Used to assist in removing phlegm.
What is a pneumatic compression device?
foot or lower leg; anti-thrombus devices for patients who have limited mobility.
What is TED hose?
(Thrombo-Embolic Deterrent) white stockings designed to provide mild graded compression through the LE to prevent blood clot formation. Worn 24/7 until mobility improves.
What is an NG tube?
naso-gastric tube; feeding tube that is inserted in nose and runs down to stomach. OR: a line to be hooked to suction to remove unwanted fluids/secretions from GI tract
What is a G tube?
gastrostomy tube; requires surgical incision to attach tube into stomach for long term feeding impairments.
What is a mechanical ventilator?
tube inserted down trachea to assist patient with breathing. Can be 100% assistance or weaned down to almost no assistance. If patient is responsive, can be a portable unit.
What is an incentive spirometer?
device used to increase strength of INHALATION and expand lungs to avoid pneumonia or other respiratory complications.
What is Hypernatremia?
sodium > 147 mEq/L
Caused by excessive sodium resulting from decreased water intake (hypovolemia) &/or high sodium diet, excessive vomiting, CHF, ARF/CRI, Cushing’s Syndrome, diabetes
What is Hyponatremia?
low sodium < 135 mEq/L
Caused by diuretic use, burns/wound drainage, CHF, cirrhosis, ARF/CRI
What is Hypokalemia?
low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L
Caused by diarrhea/vomiting, GI drains
What is Hyperkalemia?
high potassium > 5.5 mEq/L
Fairly rare…? (some link to Addison’s Disease, ACE inhibitors, blood transfusions)
What does PT stand for on a blood panel?
prothrombin time; blood clot time 11-13 sec
What does INR stand for on a blood panel?
international normalization ratio; normalizes values for patients on blood thinners; 2-3 is therapeutic level
What does PTT stand for on a blood panel?
partial thromboplastin time; clot time 30-45 sec
What does CBC stand for on a blood panel?
complete blood count; WBC, RBC, and platelets (plt).
What is polycythemia?
increased RBC production
What does HCT stand for on a blood panel?
hemarocrit; % of whole blood occupied by the cells. Norms: Males = 42-52%, females 36-48%.
What does HGB stand for on a blood panel?
(or sometimes just Hb)= hemoglobin; amount of iron in blood. Norms: males 14-18 g/dL; females 12-16 g/dL
What is a doppler study?
to rule out Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT; blood clot); via ultrasonic imaging of veins (non-invasive)
What is an Electroencephalogram (EEG)?
electrodes placed on head to read brain activity; (non-invasive )
What is an Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)?
electrodes placed on chest to monitor heart rhythms (non-invasive)
What is an Electromyelogram (EMG)?
electrodes placed along muscle innervations to track activity (usually non-invasive, but can be administered percutaneously)
What is an Echocardiogram (Echo)?
ultrasonic images for examination of the heart mechanics (non-invasive)
What is an x-ray?
radiographic images of bone (non-invasive)
What is an endoscopy?
uses fiberoptics and video recording to view tissues (invasive)
What is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?
Three dimensional imaging of soft tissue via magnetic polarization (non-invasive)
What is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)?
radioactive material is used to provide images
What is a Computed Tomography (CT/CAT scan)?
uses multi-angled xrays to image soft tissues
