Med Surg-Quiz 1

Question 1

What is a dynamic continuum?

Answer 1

A common concept of health as a continuum ranging from optimal wellness at one end to illness culminating in death at the other end.

Question 2

What is biologic health?

Answer 2

the overall structure of the body and its systems are functioning accordingly.

Question 3

What is psychological health?

Answer 3

the individual’s mood, emotions, and personality are positively balanced.

Question 4

What is spiritual health?

Answer 4

the individual’s religious needs are being met. (If they are not a spiritual person, then this has been met by not existing!)

Question 5

What is sociologic health?

Answer 5

the individual has a positive and well-balanced interaction between his or herself and the social environment. Good peer support. Able to interact well with others.

Question 6

What are the variables that influence perception of health and illness?

Answer 6

Genetic influence
Cognitive ability-coping strategies
Gender
Environment & Lifestyle
Geographic Location
Standard of Living 
Culture
Religion
Health Beliefs & Practices
Previous Health Experiences
Support Systems

Question 7

What is “Homeostasis”?

Answer 7

“The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.” ₅
Begins on a cellular level by receiving vital nutrition from the environment, then progresses to maintain overall equilibrium through all systems.
Can be a “domino” effect once one system gets out of whack, or once all function properly.

Question 8

What is “pathology”?

Answer 8

“ the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease.”₁
Also considered synonymous to the term disease.

Question 9

What is “pathogenesis”?

Answer 9

“the development of unhealthy conditions or disease, or more specifically, the cellular events and reactions and other pathologic mechanisms that occur in the development of disease.”₁

Question 10

What is a “co-morbidity”?

Answer 10

When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.
Will be noted in the patient history section of the initial evaluation. Gives very useful information as to what to expect as an outcome from a patient.

Question 11

What does acute refer to?

Answer 11

beginning stages of a disease/illness. Sudden onset, and with appropriate intervention, hopefully short in duration.

Question 12

What does subacute refer to?

Answer 12

when the acute stage does not resolve in a short time period it transitions to subacute.

Question 13

What does chronic refer to?

Answer 13

permanent impairment or disability, residual physical or cognitive disability, or the need for special rehabilitation or long term medical care.”₁

Question 14

What does acute exacerbations refer to?

Answer 14

(flare ups) of a chronic condition. Example: chronic low back pain.

Question 15

What is a diagnosis?

Answer 15

the identification of a specific disease/pathology through evaluation of signs and symptoms from lab tests and other objective tools

Question 16

What is etiology?

Answer 16

what conditions caused the disease

Question 17

What is Idiopathic Etiology?

Answer 17

unknown/unidentified cause

Question 18

What is Iatrogenic Etiology?

Answer 18

caused by a faulty procedure administered by a medical professional.

Question 19

What are Predisposing Factors?

Answer 19

conditions within the individual’s health status that promote disease.

Question 20

What are Precipitating Factors?

Answer 20

specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset. (shoveling snow= heart attack)

Question 21

What are signs?

Answer 21

objective indicators found from data collection. (Ex: Numbers from blood work, MMT, AROM, lab values, etc.)

Question 22

What are symptoms?

Answer 22

the patient’s subjective reports- what the patient says to you when you ask how they’re feeling.

Question 23

What are clinical manifestations?

Answer 23

Manifestations- the combination of a patient’s signs and symptoms. How the patient visibly presents overall.

Question 24

What is a syndrome?

Answer 24

a combination of recognizable signs and symptoms that are typically seen together in a predictable pattern to identify a condition.

Question 25

What is a Sequelae?

Answer 25

unwanted residual effects after disease onset.

example: trimmers after diagnosis of parkinson’s disease

Question 26

What is Prognosis?

Answer 26

describes the expected outcome from the disease. Probability of recovery or not??

Question 27

What is a Remission?

Answer 27

an ending to the presence of clinical manifestations.

Question 28

What is Exacerbation?

Answer 28

a recurrence of the clinical manifestations.

Question 29

What are complications?

Answer 29

secondary problems that develop in response to the initial stimuli/disease process

Question 30

What is an incidence?

Answer 30

the number of reported new cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time.

Question 31

What is prevalence?

Answer 31

the total number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time.

Question 32

What is morbidity rate?

Answer 32

usually synonymous with incidence.

Question 33

What is mortality rate?

Answer 33

the number of deaths from a particular disease in a population.

Question 34

What is a primary prevention?

Answer 34

APTA defines it as: “prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts.” Book definition: “removing or reducing disease risk factors”₁
-Health fair screenings, etc. Attempt to prevent the onset BEFORE any symptoms appear. Promoting awareness of risk factors.

Question 35

What is a secondary prevention?

Answer 35

APTA defines it as: “efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention.”
Book definition: “early detection of disease and employ preventative measures to avoid further complications”

Question 36

What is a tertiary prevention?

Answer 36

APTA defines it as: “efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible conditions.”
Book definition: “aimed at limiting the impact of established disease…the goal is to return the person to the highest possible level of functioning and to prevent severe disabilities”