Med Surg-Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is a dynamic continuum?
A common concept of health as a continuum ranging from optimal wellness at one end to illness culminating in death at the other end.
What is biologic health?
the overall structure of the body and its systems are functioning accordingly.
What is psychological health?
the individual’s mood, emotions, and personality are positively balanced.
What is spiritual health?
the individual’s religious needs are being met. (If they are not a spiritual person, then this has been met by not existing!)
What is sociologic health?
the individual has a positive and well-balanced interaction between his or herself and the social environment. Good peer support. Able to interact well with others.
What are the variables that influence perception of health and illness?
Genetic influence Cognitive ability-coping strategies Gender Environment & Lifestyle Geographic Location Standard of Living Culture Religion Health Beliefs & Practices Previous Health Experiences Support Systems
What is “Homeostasis”?
“The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.” ₅
Begins on a cellular level by receiving vital nutrition from the environment, then progresses to maintain overall equilibrium through all systems.
Can be a “domino” effect once one system gets out of whack, or once all function properly.
What is “pathology”?
“ the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease.”₁
Also considered synonymous to the term disease.
What is “pathogenesis”?
“the development of unhealthy conditions or disease, or more specifically, the cellular events and reactions and other pathologic mechanisms that occur in the development of disease.”₁
What is a “co-morbidity”?
When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.
Will be noted in the patient history section of the initial evaluation. Gives very useful information as to what to expect as an outcome from a patient.
What does acute refer to?
beginning stages of a disease/illness. Sudden onset, and with appropriate intervention, hopefully short in duration.
What does subacute refer to?
when the acute stage does not resolve in a short time period it transitions to subacute.
What does chronic refer to?
permanent impairment or disability, residual physical or cognitive disability, or the need for special rehabilitation or long term medical care.”₁
What does acute exacerbations refer to?
(flare ups) of a chronic condition. Example: chronic low back pain.
What is a diagnosis?
the identification of a specific disease/pathology through evaluation of signs and symptoms from lab tests and other objective tools
What is etiology?
what conditions caused the disease
What is Idiopathic Etiology?
unknown/unidentified cause
What is Iatrogenic Etiology?
caused by a faulty procedure administered by a medical professional.
What are Predisposing Factors?
conditions within the individual’s health status that promote disease.
What are Precipitating Factors?
specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset. (shoveling snow= heart attack)
What are signs?
objective indicators found from data collection. (Ex: Numbers from blood work, MMT, AROM, lab values, etc.)
What are symptoms?
the patient’s subjective reports- what the patient says to you when you ask how they’re feeling.
What are clinical manifestations?
Manifestations- the combination of a patient’s signs and symptoms. How the patient visibly presents overall.
What is a syndrome?
a combination of recognizable signs and symptoms that are typically seen together in a predictable pattern to identify a condition.
What is a Sequelae?
unwanted residual effects after disease onset.
example: trimmers after diagnosis of parkinson’s disease
What is Prognosis?
describes the expected outcome from the disease. Probability of recovery or not??
What is a Remission?
an ending to the presence of clinical manifestations.
What is Exacerbation?
a recurrence of the clinical manifestations.
What are complications?
secondary problems that develop in response to the initial stimuli/disease process
What is an incidence?
the number of reported new cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time.
What is prevalence?
the total number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time.
What is morbidity rate?
usually synonymous with incidence.
What is mortality rate?
the number of deaths from a particular disease in a population.
What is a primary prevention?
APTA defines it as: “prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts.” Book definition: “removing or reducing disease risk factors”₁
-Health fair screenings, etc. Attempt to prevent the onset BEFORE any symptoms appear. Promoting awareness of risk factors.
What is a secondary prevention?
APTA defines it as: “efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention.”
Book definition: “early detection of disease and employ preventative measures to avoid further complications”
What is a tertiary prevention?
APTA defines it as: “efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible conditions.”
Book definition: “aimed at limiting the impact of established disease…the goal is to return the person to the highest possible level of functioning and to prevent severe disabilities”
