Mechanics of Ventilation Flashcards
primary function of the lungs?
animals require oxygen for aerobic metabolism
oxygen then delivered to tissues to meet metabolic demands
Remove carbon dioxide from the tissues (waste product of metabolism)
what do land-based animals use their lungs for?
use lungs as a means of interfacing oxygen in the air with the blood
air drawn through the airways (from nose/mouth) - what is the journey from trachea to alveoli?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveoli
what is the conducting zone?
this is where air passes through - it is dead space
respiratory zone?
oxygen can enter the blood, carbon dioxide can leave the blood
why can conducting zone be called dead space?
as no gas exchange occurs
anatomic dead space?
conducting zone of airway
alveolar dead space?
alveoli with poor perfusion (e.g. a heavy animal lying on its side)
equipment dead space?
something to be aware of when anaesthetising animals and using an endotracheal tube
what are the types of dead spaces in the airway?
anatomic dead space
alveolar dead space
equipment dead space
what does tidal volume do?
dead space plus alveolar gas exchange space and it not only ventilates alveoli but also conducting the airways
dead space is important for?
thermoregulation
this is when they are panting
what is physiologic dead space?
alveolar dead space plus anatomic dead space is referred to collectively as physiological dead space
what is the equation for the fact that tidal volume has a dead space component and an alveolar (gas exchange) component?
VT = VD+ VA
Always have some air in lungs apart from at birth - what is this?
residual air
total lung capacity?
maximum amount of air that lungs can hold
inspiratory reserve volume?
volume of air in a maximal inspiration after normal lung fill
expiratory reserve volume?
volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal passive respiration that can be further expelled
what is residual volume?
min volume of air remaining in lungs even after max expiration
vital capacity?
max volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a max inspiration
what is ventilation defined as?
as the movement of air in and out of the lungs - breathing
minute ventilation?
volume of air breathed per minute (VE)
tidal volume?
volume of air in each breath (VT)
frequency of ventilation?
number of breaths per minute