Synovial Joints Flashcards
Describe a synarthrosis joint:
immoveable
and the bones are in almost direct contact but interspersed by connective tissue
Describe a Amphiarthrosis joint:
slightly moveable
contiguous osseous surfaces connected by flattened discs of fibrocartilage that allow for limited movement
Describe the Diarthrosis joint:
freely moveable, possesses a cavity that is lined by a synovial membrane
may/may not possess ligamentous and meniscal structures internally
normally found between long bones
What are the joint components of synovial joints?
articular cartilage
joint cavity
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
meniscus
bursae
what are the type of cartilage found in synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
What are chrondocytes?
these are the only cells of articular cartilage
What do chondrocytes do?
they produce and secrete the extracellular matrix
what does the cartilage extracellular matrix consist of?
proteoglycans
collagen
attachment proteins
what do the proteoglycan give (structurally) to the cartilage extracellular matrix?
gives rigidity and stability
what is the outer layer of synovium?
collagen 1
what is the inner layer of synovium?
lining of synoviocytes
what is synovial fluid?
it is modified from plasma and is rich in proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid
meniscus of the joint?
made of fibrocartilage
highly organised collagen 2
what does the outer edge of the meniscus contain?
contains capillaries and nerve endings
ligaments?
attach bone to bone
constrained movement
collagen and proteoglycans
Meniscus function?
shock if movement distributed across the joint
subchondral bone?
contain chondrocytes
a form of calcified cartilage
contains bone matrix and a tidemark
tendon structrue?
fibres which are bundled together, bigger and bigger bundles create entire tendon
smallest part of tendon?
collagen macromolecule
several whats make up entire tendon?
fascicle
what does a bundle of collagen macromolecule make?
collagen fibril
elastin?
contained in tendons in order to help them move the bones and have enough energy
what do collagen fibrils bundle up to make?
sub-fascicle
what do sub-fascicles bundle up to form?
fibre bundle
what creates a fascicle?
a fibre bundle
how does cartilage receive its nourishment?
no blood vessels in articular cartilage
blood vessels supply joint capsule
allows weight bearing
synoviocytes
nerve endings joint?
not any nerve endings in joint but some sensory nerve endings around/near joint
joint damaged?
not moving joint is detrimental to cartilage
it does not heal with type II collagen - instead lots of fibrous collagen is produced
what is found within the extracellular matrix of bones?
collagens
proteoglycans –> protein + negatively charged GAGs
has a high water content
