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Science 8 > Mechanical Systems > Flashcards

Mechanical Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a machine/mechanical device?

A

Tools that help humans do work, move objects, or transfer energy.

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2
Q

What is an aqueduct?

A

A machine used for transporting water for many kilometers to supply cities.

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3
Q

What is a sakia? (persian wheel)

A

A series of buckets attached to a long rope, draped over a wheel. The wheel is turned by animals which raise the buckets of water. After water is raised it is stored in tanks, moved through pipes, and into homes.

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4
Q

What is an Archimedes Screw?

A

A machine consisting of a screw that picks up the water and carries it up to the top of the tube.

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5
Q

What are simple machines?

A

Tool or devices made up of one basic machine.

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6
Q

What are first class levers?

A

Levers with the fulcrum in the middle, and the load and force on either side.

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7
Q

What are second class levers?

A

Levers with the load between the effort and the fulcrum.

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8
Q

What are third class levers?

A

A lever that has the effort between the load and the fulcrum.

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9
Q

What is a lever?

A

A rigid bar or plank that can rotate around a fixed point called pivot or fulcrum.

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10
Q

What is a wedge?

A

Simple machine that looks like an inclined plane, but is forced into an object.

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11
Q

What is an inclined plane?

A

Simple machine made up of a flat surface, such as a board, at an angle to another flat surface. Simply: a ramp.

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12
Q

What is a pully?

A

Simple machine made up of a wire, rope, or cable moving at a grooved wheel.

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13
Q

What is a screw?

A

Simple machine that consists of a cylinder with a groove cut into a spiral on the outside.

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14
Q

What is a wheel and axle?

A

Simple machine made up of two wheels of different diameters that turn together.

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15
Q

What is a compound machine?

A

A system in which simple machines all work together.

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16
Q

What is a system?

A

A group of parts that perform specific functions.

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17
Q

What is as subsystem?

A

Smaller groups of parts within a complex machine that performs a specific function.

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18
Q

What is a linkage?

A

A belt or chain to transfer energy from an energy source to an object.

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19
Q

What is a transmission?

A

A special type of linkage for transferring the energy from the engine to the wheels.

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20
Q

What are gears?

A

Pairs of wheels with teeth that interlink.

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21
Q

What is a reducing gear?

A

When the driving gear is smaller than the driven gear. The turning speed in the system increases.

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22
Q

What is a multiplying gears?

A

When the driving gear is larger than the driven gear. The turning speed on the system increases.

23
Q

What is function?

A

The purpose or task of a device is designed for and the design of the device should suit the task it is to do.

24
Q

What is Input Force?

A

The force applied to the machine.

25
Q

What is Output Force?

A

The force the machine applies to the object.

26
Q

What is Mechanical Advantage?

A

The amount by which the machine can multiply force.

27
Q

How do you calculate Mechanical Advantage?

A

MA= force out/force in

Mechanical Advantage is shown in Newtons (N).

28
Q

What is Input Distance?

A

The amount of force applied to the given machine.

29
Q

What is Output Distance?

A

The amount of force the machine exerts on an object.

30
Q

What is Speed Ratio?

A

A measure of how the speed of an object is affected by a machine.

31
Q

How do you calculate Speed Ratio?

A

SR= distance in/distance out
Speed-= distance/time
SR measured in cm, m, etc.

32
Q

What is friction?

A

The force that opposes motion.

33
Q

What is efficiency?

A

A measurement of how well the machine or device uses energy.

34
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

Eff= Ma/Sr *100

Efficiency represented by %

35
Q

What is work?

A

When a force acts on an object to make the object move.

36
Q

How do you calculate work?

A

W= FD
Work- ForceDistance
Work is measured in Joules (J)

37
Q

What is work input?

A

The work done on a machine as the input force acts through the input distance.

38
Q

What is work output?

A

The work done by a simple or compound machine.

39
Q

How do you calculate work input?

A

Work in= Force input * distance output

40
Q

How do you calculate work output?

A

Work out= Force Output * Distance Output

41
Q

How do you calculate efficiency using work input and output?

A

Efficiency= Work output/Work input *100

42
Q

What is a hydraulic system?

A

A device that uses a liquid under pressure to move loads.

43
Q

What does Pascal’s Law state?

A

In an enclosed fluid, pressure is transmitted equally in all directions.

44
Q

What is the input piston?

A

The piston that the force is applied to make the hydraulic system work.

45
Q

What is the output piston?

A

The piston that produces a force to lift a load.

46
Q

How do you calculate pressure?

A

P= Force/Area

Pressure is measured in Pascals

47
Q

How do you write the pressure of the small piston= the pressure of the large piston in an equation?

A

Force of small piston/ area of small piston= force of the large piston/ area of the large piston.

48
Q

What is criteria?

A

A principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided.

49
Q

What is efficiency?

A

A description on how quickly and easily a device helps you do a task.

50
Q

What is effectiveness?

A

How well a device does what it is designed to do.

51
Q

What is the criteria to properly evaluate a machine?

A
  • design
  • efficiency
  • unwanted costs
  • environment
  • effectiveness
  • price
  • aesthetics
  • ergonomics
52
Q

What is design?

A

How a device appears (its form). The design should fit the function.

53
Q

What is function?

A

The purpose of a machine/mechanical device. (machines can have more than one purpose)

Science 8 (20 decks)

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