Fresh & Salt water Systems Checkpoint Two Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What does the “global conveyor belt” do?

A

It transports heat through warm water to different areas of the world.

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2
Q

What are currents?

A

A stream of water within a larger body of water.

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3
Q

What are surface water currents mainly caused by?

A
  • Wind

- Earth’s Rotation

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4
Q

What are deep water currents mainly caused by?

A
  • Temperature differences in the water.
  • Salinity differences in the water.
  • Earth’s Rotation
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5
Q

What do warm or cold currents greatly influence?

A

The climates on land.

Also the precipitation (warm air holds more moisture than cold air)

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6
Q

Why are currents different from waves?

A

Because the water moves from place to place.

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7
Q

What are waves?

A

Up and down movements on the surface of all bodies of water.

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8
Q

True or False? Waves move.

A

FALSE, waves do NOT move. Energy is just transferred through the water as a wave.

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9
Q

How are swells created?

A

1) Strong storms caused high winds that blow across water.
2) Small waves are created, and combine, creating larger waves.
3) Large waves combine to form a swell.
4) Swells produced out at sea eventually travel to the shoreline and ‘break’ on the shore.

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10
Q

What factors affect swells?

A
  • Large wind speeds
  • Distance the wind blows over the water (called fetch)
  • The time wind has blown over fetch.
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11
Q

What effects do waves have on the shoreline?

A

They break against the shoreline and cause erosion of land surfaces. Waves can affect both rock and sand.

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12
Q

What are tides?

A

Daily changes in the water level of the oceans.

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13
Q

How many tidal changes happen during a day?

A
  • Two low tides

- Two high tides

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14
Q

What is a high and low tide?

A

High tide- highest water level along the coast

Low tide- lowest water level along the coast

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15
Q

What are Tidal forces caused by?

A

1) The moon’s gravitational force (main cause)
2) Centripetal force causes water to bulge more at the equator
3) The sun also has an influence, but it is very small

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16
Q

What is a Rip Tide?

no it is not just a song

A

When the tide is receding (high to low tide) through an estuary it can pull a large amount of water through a narrow gap, this can pull objects off into sea very quickly.

17
Q

What do you call the solid outer surface of Earth made of rock?
(no it is not a joke!)

A

The Lithosphere

18
Q

What are the high and low points of the lithosphere called?

A

High- mountain ranges

low- basins (ex. oceans)

19
Q

What is climate?

A

The average weather measured over a long period of time in a certain area. (water can hold heat and also affect precipitation to affect the climates)

20
Q

What are Chinook Winds?

A

Abnormally warm winds that sweep across the prairies. They are created by rain shadow affects.

21
Q

What is the rain shadow affect?

A

1) Warm moist air from the ocean moves over land.
2) As it moves over the land it deposits most of the moisture (especially at high elevations)
3) What’s left is a warm dry air with very little moisture.
* in Alberta, the Rocky Mountains create a rain shadow affect*