measure movements

Question 1

range of motion

Answer 1

The amount of movement that occurs at a joint
The amount of motion allowed between two bony levers

Question 2

active

Answer 2

movement of a body part by muscles through available joint range. It is performed independently, that is no one else is performing this movement.

Most people are unable to perform a movement through their full available range, actively, because the contracting muscle blocks the movement.

Active movement reflects functional ability

Question 3

passive

Answer 3

movement of the limb through available joint range where the movement is performed by another person or equipment.

The person needs to relax the joint completely.

Greater range can be achieved than by volitional effort.

Question 3

reliability of ROM test

Answer 3

Universal goniometry is more reliable than visual estimation of ROM
Reliability varies depending on which joint and motion is assessed
Intra-tester reliability is higher than inter-tester reliability
The size of the goniometer does not affect reliability.

Question 4

joint ROM

Answer 4

refers to the amount of motion available at a joint, typically measured in degrees. It is determined by the anatomical structure of the joint, including the shape of the joint surfaces and the integrity of the ligaments and other soft tissues surrounding the joint. You now know that joint ROM can be affected by a variety of factors, such as injury, inflammation, and age-related changes.

Question 5

muscle length

Answer 5

refers to the distance between a muscle’s origin and insertion points when the muscle is in a relaxed state. It reflects the extensibility of the muscle tissue itself and is influenced by factors related to the muscle tissue.

Question 6

muscle length test

Answer 6

test wether the ROM is limited by the joint of the muscle that is causing a problem

Question 7

factors affecting active ROM

Answer 7

1. joint stability structure influences range
2. muscle length- dictates how much force can be produced e.g- active insurficent
3. age

4- gender

5 culture

6 genetics

7 occupation

8 pathology

Question 8

methods to measure Active ROM

Answer 8

1. universial goniometer

inclinometer- measure joint angle by tilt

3- tape measure- measure linear distances

4- x ray- COB angle for scolosis

Question 9

COB angles for scoliosis

Answer 9

10 degrees- normal

10-25= mild

25-40= moderate

40+= serve

Question 10

systematic errors

Answer 10

read instruction wrong
time of day
;earning effect
temp of room
patient fatigue
instructions to patient

Question 11

random errors

Answer 11

change of test position
bony landmarks
tight restrictive clothes

Question 12

process to measure joint angle

Answer 12

1. communication
   position of patient
   demonstration
   perform movement on both sides
   palpate landmarks for istrument to allign
   read/ record/ record quality as well
   test the unaffected side first

Question 13

guidelines for patient position

Answer 13

joint should be place in 0 degrees
proximal segment should be stable
bony landmarks exsposed
joint free to move
patient can assume position

Question 14

instrument allign for Universal goniometer

Answer 14

1- axis rotation
2 stationary arm
3- moving arm

moving arm alligned parallel to long axis of moving body segment

Question 15

2 joint muscles passive insurficent

Answer 15

inability of 2 joint muscles to steretch enough to allow full ROM at both joints at the same time