massage treatment Flashcards
massage
mechanical stimulation of the tissues by means of rhythmically applied pressure and stretching.
passive treatment
why is massage important to therapist
help develop their own hands-on skills
establish patient trust
get a “feel” for tissue and how we can change the extensibility of tissue and modulate pain in the short term for our clients as part of a wider health/rehabilitation plan.
what does massage do
produce effects on
respirotry system
muscular system
nervous system
cicrculation of blood and lymph
pain relief and relaxation
indication for massage
familarisation with feel of tissue
introduce theraputic touch
target physiological pyschological response
adjunct treatment- improve patient buy in and support shift of patient autonomy
doesnt prevent muscular atrophy or increase strength or endurance
general principles
risk management
good knowldege if it is a useful treatment
maintain code of conduct
understand when and why we apply techinque
preparation for massage
coomunication- what why and how of our treatment
patient explanation
consent
position of patient and patient
drape patients
perfrom massage
conclude sessions
massage technique
stroking- distibute lubricant- use to the touch - glide over skin
effleuge- more deeper- towards lymph glands and blood towards hard- pressure can be increased or decrease
petrisaauge- different tissue manuovers= mobilisation press and roll tissue- kneeding, picking up, wringing, skin rolling
tapotment
treatment for warm up
cupping
hacking
frictions
trigger point
primary focus of massage
pain relief
pyschological effects
specific tissues- tendons, muscles
where does massage work
musculoskeletal system- pain
cancer care- lymphodema
post exercise- reduce muscle pain
burns- decrease scar height
pregency- reduce anxiety and depression
clinical implications
active treatments- more superior
but what does patient want
reduce
scaring in burns
muscle spasms
decrease pain
reduce overactivity
reduce anxiety and stress
endagerment sites
xiphoid proccess
sciatic nerve
kidneys
liver
umbilical
radial pulse
carotid artery
medial nerve- middle of wrist
axilla- point in anterior shoulder between delt and pec
brachical plexus- just bellow clavical
cervical triangle medial to carotid artery in throat
spinous proccess- right up mid line of the back
floating ribs
sternum
temporal area
popliteal area
inguinal/ groin
orbital/ eye cavity
lymphatic system
circulates fluid within the interstitial spaces. The system returns plasma and plasma proteins back to the blood circulation.
It acts as a safety valve for fluid overload and keeps oedema from forming
Maintains homeostasis of the extracellular environment
Cleans interstitial fluid and blocks the spread of infection or malignant (cancerous) cells from spreading
lymph nodes to be aware of
lateral jugular lymph nodes
parotid lymph nodes
axillary lymphnodes
lateral external illiac lymph nodes
superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes
posterior axillary lymph nodes
lumbar lymph nodes
sacral lymph nodes
superfical popliteal lymph nodes
thoracic duct
chyrile christine
technique aim
The rationale for each technique
technique rate
Is the speed at which the massage technique is executed
technique pressure
The application of force to the patient’s tissues. Generally start light and add pressure gradually. Ask the patient their perception of pressure using the VAS (visual analogue scale 1–10.)
technique depth
related to the distance travelled into the tissue and related directly to which technique is used and the rationale and aim of the treatment. Patient response, areas of endangerment sites and location of anatomical structures (deep versus superficial) are also important factors here.
stroking
movement performed with the entire palmar surface of one or both hands moving in any direction on the surface of the body used to spread the lubricant (cream or oil) and start and finish the massage treatment.
principles of stroking
May be applied in any direction, but usually one direction at a time.
Applied along a line parallel to long axis of body and/or across long axis of body.
Continuous movement maintaining contact throughout.
Smooth, rhythmic pressure.
Aim: Allow the patient to become accustomed to the massage, aid initial relaxation, maintain continuity of massage techniques and bookend (at start and end) of the treatment. Also allows the therapist to “feel” the tissues for areas of spasm, tightness or patient reactions.
Rate: Slow for relaxation and faster to stimulate tissues.
Depth and Pressure: Gentle initially then deeper for relaxation as tolerated by each patient.
effluege
slow, stroking movement performed with increasing pressure in the direction of flow in the veins and lymph vessels and finishing at a group of superficial lymph glands. Moves and mobilises tissue fluids
effluege principles
Applied in the direction of venous/ lymphatic flow (towards heart and or lymph drainage points
Work distally to proximally with a smooth rhythmic stroke
Aim: To promote absorption of inflammatory exudate (‘swelling’), relieve pain and promote relaxation.
Rate: Slow.
Depth and Pressure: Gradually increasing as tolerated by the patient
petrisage
massage strokes that are characterised by firm pressure applied to the tissues.
petrisage principles
Aim: Mobilise contractures in deep muscle tissue, skin and subcutaneous tissue and chronic/organised swelling. Relieves pain and muscle spasm and promotes circulation and relaxation.
Rate: slow in circular directions.
Depth and pressure: as deep as tolerated by patient- use VAS scale for pressure and comfort rating with patient (1-10). Mostly 6-7 rating appropriate. Not pain inducing.
Techniques include: kneading, wringing, skin rolling (gentler technique).
tapotement
percussive mobilisations” characterised by various parts of the hand striking the tissues at a fairly rapid rate creating a vibration effect at the tissues.
cupping hacking and fast strokes
tapotement principles
Aim: stimulate skin, subcutaneous tissue and both superficial and deep musculature; increase blood and lymphatic flow and muscle tone.
Rate: fast.
Depth and pressure: light pressure with relaxed fingers and wrist.
Techniques: include cupping and hacking.
slapping
floppy wrist
finger relaxed and spread
cover whole muscle
do air first and stay relaxed
mechanical effects
movement- odema, venous blood, haematoma,
mobilisation- muscle fibres, tendons, skin, scar tissue
physiological effects
blood flow
reduction of cramp
promote extensibility of tissue
metablolism heat
hormones
pain relief
nervous system
immune system
pyschological effects
relaxation
range of emotions
reduce stress and anxiety
contradictions to massage
acute injury
acute inefection
cancer or tuberculosis- spread
circulatory system disorders
unstable fractures
precautions to massage
diabites
epilepsy
hypertension
osteoporsis
kidney disease
skin disease
chronic pain
common and complex condition characterised by persistent pain experienced on most days of the week.
precautions to massage
diabetes
hypertension/ hypotension
epilepsy
skin disease- psoriasis
kidney disease
osteoporosis
poor communication
cognition issue
indications for massage
to reduce shoulder pain through pain gate mechanism, promote relaxation and reduce fear relating to shoulder movement, loading and work-related tasks.
what technique would you use for scar tissue
cricular frictions
transverse frictions
how long would you perform a pre sport massage
10 to 15 minutes
DOMS
delayed onset of muscle soreness
