massage treatment

Question 1

massage

Answer 1

mechanical stimulation of the tissues by means of rhythmically applied pressure and stretching.

passive treatment

Question 2

why is massage important to therapist

Answer 2

help develop their own hands-on skills
establish patient trust
get a “feel” for tissue and how we can change the extensibility of tissue and modulate pain in the short term for our clients as part of a wider health/rehabilitation plan.

Question 3

what does massage do

Answer 3

produce effects on
respirotry system
muscular system
nervous system
cicrculation of blood and lymph

pain relief and relaxation

Question 4

indication for massage

Answer 4

familarisation with feel of tissue
introduce theraputic touch
target physiological pyschological response
adjunct treatment- improve patient buy in and support shift of patient autonomy

doesnt prevent muscular atrophy or increase strength or endurance

Question 5

general principles

Answer 5

risk management
good knowldege if it is a useful treatment
maintain code of conduct
understand when and why we apply techinque

Question 6

preparation for massage

Answer 6

coomunication- what why and how of our treatment
patient explanation
consent
position of patient and patient
drape patients
perfrom massage
conclude sessions

Question 7

massage technique

Answer 7

stroking- distibute lubricant- use to the touch - glide over skin

effleuge- more deeper- towards lymph glands and blood towards hard- pressure can be increased or decrease
petrisaauge- different tissue manuovers= mobilisation press and roll tissue- kneeding, picking up, wringing, skin rolling

Question 8

tapotment

Answer 8

treatment for warm up
cupping
hacking

frictions
trigger point

Question 9

primary focus of massage

Answer 9

pain relief
pyschological effects
specific tissues- tendons, muscles

Question 10

where does massage work

Answer 10

musculoskeletal system- pain

cancer care- lymphodema

post exercise- reduce muscle pain

burns- decrease scar height

pregency- reduce anxiety and depression

Question 11

clinical implications

Answer 11

active treatments- more superior
but what does patient want

reduce
scaring in burns
muscle spasms
decrease pain
reduce overactivity
reduce anxiety and stress

Question 12

endagerment sites

Answer 12

xiphoid proccess
sciatic nerve
kidneys
liver
umbilical
radial pulse
carotid artery
medial nerve- middle of wrist
axilla- point in anterior shoulder between delt and pec
brachical plexus- just bellow clavical
cervical triangle medial to carotid artery in throat
spinous proccess- right up mid line of the back
floating ribs
sternum
temporal area
popliteal area
inguinal/ groin
orbital/ eye cavity

Question 13

lymphatic system

Answer 13

circulates fluid within the interstitial spaces. The system returns plasma and plasma proteins back to the blood circulation.
It acts as a safety valve for fluid overload and keeps oedema from forming
Maintains homeostasis of the extracellular environment
Cleans interstitial fluid and blocks the spread of infection or malignant (cancerous) cells from spreading

Question 14

lymph nodes to be aware of

Answer 14

lateral jugular lymph nodes
parotid lymph nodes
axillary lymphnodes
lateral external illiac lymph nodes
superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes
posterior axillary lymph nodes
lumbar lymph nodes
sacral lymph nodes
superfical popliteal lymph nodes
thoracic duct
chyrile christine

Question 15

technique aim

Answer 15

The rationale for each technique

Question 16

technique rate

Answer 16

Is the speed at which the massage technique is executed

Question 17

technique pressure

Answer 17

The application of force to the patient’s tissues. Generally start light and add pressure gradually. Ask the patient their perception of pressure using the VAS (visual analogue scale 1–10.)

Question 18

technique depth

Answer 18

related to the distance travelled into the tissue and related directly to which technique is used and the rationale and aim of the treatment. Patient response, areas of endangerment sites and location of anatomical structures (deep versus superficial) are also important factors here.

Question 19

stroking

Answer 19

movement performed with the entire palmar surface of one or both hands moving in any direction on the surface of the body used to spread the lubricant (cream or oil) and start and finish the massage treatment.

Question 20

principles of stroking

Answer 20

May be applied in any direction, but usually one direction at a time.
Applied along a line parallel to long axis of body and/or across long axis of body.
Continuous movement maintaining contact throughout.
Smooth, rhythmic pressure.
Aim: Allow the patient to become accustomed to the massage, aid initial relaxation, maintain continuity of massage techniques and bookend (at start and end) of the treatment. Also allows the therapist to “feel” the tissues for areas of spasm, tightness or patient reactions.
Rate: Slow for relaxation and faster to stimulate tissues.
Depth and Pressure: Gentle initially then deeper for relaxation as tolerated by each patient.

Question 21

effluege

Answer 21

slow, stroking movement performed with increasing pressure in the direction of flow in the veins and lymph vessels and finishing at a group of superficial lymph glands. Moves and mobilises tissue fluids

Question 22

effluege principles

Answer 22

Applied in the direction of venous/ lymphatic flow (towards heart and or lymph drainage points
Work distally to proximally with a smooth rhythmic stroke
Aim: To promote absorption of inflammatory exudate (‘swelling’), relieve pain and promote relaxation.
Rate: Slow.
Depth and Pressure: Gradually increasing as tolerated by the patient

Question 23

petrisage

Answer 23

massage strokes that are characterised by firm pressure applied to the tissues.

Question 24

petrisage principles

Answer 24

Aim: Mobilise contractures in deep muscle tissue, skin and subcutaneous tissue and chronic/organised swelling. Relieves pain and muscle spasm and promotes circulation and relaxation.
Rate: slow in circular directions.
Depth and pressure: as deep as tolerated by patient- use VAS scale for pressure and comfort rating with patient (1-10). Mostly 6-7 rating appropriate. Not pain inducing.
Techniques include: kneading, wringing, skin rolling (gentler technique).

Question 25

tapotement

Answer 25

percussive mobilisations” characterised by various parts of the hand striking the tissues at a fairly rapid rate creating a vibration effect at the tissues.

cupping hacking and fast strokes

Question 26

tapotement principles

Answer 26

Aim: stimulate skin, subcutaneous tissue and both superficial and deep musculature; increase blood and lymphatic flow and muscle tone.
Rate: fast.
Depth and pressure: light pressure with relaxed fingers and wrist.
Techniques: include cupping and hacking.

Question 27

slapping

Answer 27

floppy wrist
finger relaxed and spread
cover whole muscle
do air first and stay relaxed

Question 28

mechanical effects

Answer 28

movement- odema, venous blood, haematoma,
mobilisation- muscle fibres, tendons, skin, scar tissue

Question 29

physiological effects

Answer 29

blood flow
reduction of cramp
promote extensibility of tissue
metablolism heat
hormones
pain relief
nervous system
immune system

Question 30

pyschological effects

Answer 30

relaxation
range of emotions
reduce stress and anxiety

Question 31

contradictions to massage

Answer 31

acute injury
acute inefection
cancer or tuberculosis- spread
circulatory system disorders
unstable fractures

Question 32

precautions to massage

Answer 32

diabites
epilepsy
hypertension
osteoporsis
kidney disease
skin disease

Question 33

chronic pain

Answer 33

common and complex condition characterised by persistent pain experienced on most days of the week.

Question 34

precautions to massage

Answer 34

diabetes
hypertension/ hypotension
epilepsy
skin disease- psoriasis
kidney disease
osteoporosis
poor communication
cognition issue

Question 35

indications for massage

Answer 35

to reduce shoulder pain through pain gate mechanism, promote relaxation and reduce fear relating to shoulder movement, loading and work-related tasks.

Question 36

what technique would you use for scar tissue

Answer 36

cricular frictions

transverse frictions

Question 37

how long would you perform a pre sport massage

Answer 37

10 to 15 minutes

Question 38

DOMS

Answer 38

delayed onset of muscle soreness