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RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 > Mastitis > Flashcards

Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the important of Mastitis?

A 
Reduced milk production 
Reduced milk value 
Premature culling or death of cows
Non-saleable milk 
Animal welfare impact 
Reproductive effects
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2
Q

What is the important of Mastitis to the consumer?

A

Altered milk composition - Flavor and shelf-life
Yield and quality of milk products
Cost
Concerns about safety

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3
Q

What is the importance of Mastitis to the Dairy veterinarian?

A

Time
Income
economic success of dairy clients

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4
Q

What are the basics of control for mastitis?

A 
Minimize organisms on skin 
Prevent entry 
Limit multiplication 
clear organisms quickly 
Treat/manage infected cows appropriately
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5
Q

What are the defenses of the Udder?

A 
Teat canal 
Phagocytic WBCs
Antibacterial enzymes
Lactoferrin
Cytotoxic lymphocytes
Lo O2 tension 
Complement 
Immunoglobulins
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6
Q

What is the test for diagnosing Mastitis?

A

California Mastitis Test

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7
Q

What is the predominant form of clinical mastitis?

A

Mild clinical mastitis

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8
Q

What is the least common form of clinical mastitis?

A

Severe clinical mastitis

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9
Q

What are the signs of Severe Clinical mastitis?

A 
Change in milk 
visibly inflamed gland 
Sick cow 
Fever 
anorexia 
depression 
dehydration 
weakness
death
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10
Q

Contagious Mastitis

A

Spread from cow to cow at milking time

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11
Q

Environmental Mastitis

A

Acquired between milkings or during the dry period
Teat skin is contaminated by pathogens from environmental sources
Mastitis is transient and often clinical

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12
Q

How long are the teat defenses compromised?

A

2-3 hours

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13
Q

What are the important fomites of Contagious Mastitis?

A

Milking cluster
Towels
Sponges
Hands of milking staff

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14
Q

What happens with the milking cluster than causes Contagious Mastitis?

A

“Liner slips” at end of milking admit air into liner creating reverse pressure gradient

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15
Q

What is the best way to reduce incidence of new infections?

A

Post-milking test disinfection

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16
Q

What are the factors affecting post dipping efficacy?

A 
Must achieve good skin coverage
Type and concentration of germicide
Every teat
Every milking 
Everyday
17
Q

What are the best ways to prevent contagious mastitis?

A

Post-dipping
Individual towels to dry +- wash teats
Gloves
Clean and dry milking liners between cows
Regular milking machine evaluation
Milking procedures that promote milk ejection
Milking infected cows last
Cull or dry off chronically infected cows
Good biosecurity

18
Q

How do you diagnose Contagious Mastitis?

A

High/increasing SCC in bulk milk (>750,000)
Culture
Molecular diagnostic tests

19
Q

What are the pathogens of Contagious Mastitis?

A

Strep agalac
Staph aureus
Mycoplasma bovis
Corynebacterium bovis

20
Q

What is the Contagious mastitis treatment?

A

antibiotics lactation
imtramammary antibiotics at the start of the dry period
Cull from herd
Stop milking or chemically inactivate infected gland

21
Q

Why is S. aureus mastitis harder to treat than S. agalacae mastitis?

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen
Resists phagocytosis
Resistant to intramammary antibiotics
some produce beta lactamase

22
Q

How do you treat Contagious Mastitis?

A 
Select good candidates
Use susceptible antibiotic test for Beta-lactamase
Treat for extended duration 
Vaccinate with commercial bacterin 
Treat at dry off for higher success
23
Q

What are the control measures for Staphylococcal mastitis?

A

IMM antibiotics treatment before lacation
Fly control
Nose rings
Vaccinate

24
Q

Clinical signs of Mycoplasma bovis

A

Polyarthritis
Respiratory disease
Otitis media

25
Q

How do you control Mycoplasma bovis?

A

Dont feed unpasteurized waste milk to calves

vaccinate

26
Q

What are the common pathogens of Environmental Mastitis?

A

Coliform bacteria
Streptococci
Staphylococci

27
Q

Sources of Environemental Mastitis

A

Intestinal flora
Soil
water
Skin

28
Q

How do you control environmental mastitis?

A 
Enable cows to lie in clean stalls or clean dry pasture
Frequent pasture rotation
Proper stocking density 
Frequent manure removal 
Periodic clipping or flaming of udders to remove hair to facilitate cleaning of teats
Effective pre-milking teat cleaning
Regular milking machine evaluation 
Teat sealant
29
Q

What is the preferred bedding for Environmental mastitis control?

A

Sand

30
Q

When is the gland most susceptible to environmental Mastitis?

A

dry period`

31
Q

What are the two types of teat sealants?

A

External

Internal

32
Q

Internal teat sealant

A

infused at dry off and milked out at calving

33
Q

External teat sealant

A

Applied after dry off and before calving

34
Q

Environmental Mastitis Treatment

A

only treated when clinical with antibiotics

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 (12 decks)

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