Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 > Bovine Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Bovine Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common cause on Dairys that rivals Mastitis?

A

Lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does Lameness impact?

A

Decreased milk production

Decreased reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do you look for when examining a cow for lameness?

A 
No head bob
Flat back 
no "hunched" up back 
Joints flex equally
one leg isn't stiffer then the others 
tracking up - rear feet almost land in foot prints left by the front feet 
No limping 
no reluctance to bear weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lameness Grade 1

A

Smooth fluid movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lameness Grade 2

A

Imperfect locomotion but moves freely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lameness Grade 3

A

Ability to move freely is compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lameness Grade 4

A

Ability to move freely obviously diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lameness Grade 5

A

Must be vigorously encouraged to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the first effect of Lameness decreased milk production?

A

cows cannot get to the feed bunk and are painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the appropriate toe length?

A

7.5cm (3in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the appropriate apex length?

A

5-10mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the appropriate Head length?

A

8-15mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Corium response to increased weight bearing?

A

Increased rate of horn production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Corium response to imbalance in weight bearing?

A

overloading of outside claw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Corium response to overloading of outside of claw?

A

claw conformation change - long toe, high heel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Corium response to increased risk for trauma to corium?

A

increased risk for ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“Foot Rot”

A

Interdigital Phlegmon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Foot Rot

A

Damage to interdigital dermis caused by opportunistic bacterial invasion that creates anaerobic environment causing tissue destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What opportunistic bacteria invade the foot to make foot rot?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Porphyromonas levii
Prevotella intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Score 1 Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

Slight to moderate inflammation, some erosion between the claws, no undermining or erosion of skin or horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Score 2 Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

Skin between claws is inflamed and raw, may involve part or all of the soft horn on the inside of the claws, no underrunning of the horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Score 3a Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

Separation of the skin horn junction, with underrunning extending no more than 5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Score 3b Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

Underrunning no more than half way across the heel or sole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Score 3c Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

More extensive underrunning of heel or sole but not extending to the outside edge of the sole of the claw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Score 4 Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

The underrunning extends to the outside edge of the sole of the claw and involves hard horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Score 5 Small Ruminant Foot Rot

A

severe disease involving the sole, with extensive inflammation and underrunning of the hard horn of the hoof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the infectious agents of Small Ruminant Foot Rot?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

F. necrophorum

28
Q

What is the treatment for Small Ruminant Foot Rot?

A

Debridement

Antibiotics - Ceftiofur, Oxytetracycline, Florfenicol, Gamithromycin, Tilmycosin

29
Q

What are the common names of Digital dermatitis?

A 
Hairy heel warts 
Strawberry foot 
Verrucous dermatitis
Digital warts 
Interdigital papillomatosis
30
Q

What causes Digital Dermatitis?

A

Treponema spp

31
Q

What are the environmental predispositions to Digital Dermatitis?

A

Confinement
Excess manure
Increased standing due to poor stalls or over-crowding

32
Q

What is the treatment for Digital Dermatitis?

A

Oxytetracycline: topical or systemic
Footbaths: Copper sulfate or Formalin

33
Q

What does overloading the outside claw lead to?

A

Hemorrhages

Ulcers

34
Q

What environmental problems cause Thin soles?

A

We rough concrete

Increased standing time

35
Q

How do you treat thin soles?

A

Excess removal of horn

36
Q

What are the sequelae to thin soles?

A

Damage to sole corium - toe ulcers and sole ulcers

White line disease

37
Q

Where do you commonly see solar ulcers?

A

Lateral claw of hind foot

Medial claw of fore foot

38
Q

What causes Laminitis in Dairy cattle?

A

Mastitis
metritis
Lactation ration

39
Q

What causes Laminitis in cattle?

A

Rumen Acidosis from high concentrate diets

40
Q

What causes Laminitis in Beef cattle?

A

High concentrate diets in feedlots

41
Q

What is the treatment for acute laminitis?

A

NSAIDs

Euthanasia

42
Q

What is the treatment for chronic laminitis?

A

Hoof trimming

diets

43
Q

Laminitis in cattle

A

Vascular disturbance, aseptic inflammation of corium disrupts horn production

44
Q

How do you prevent Laminitis?

A 
Stalls
Diet
Flooring
Hygiene
Foot baths
Trimming
45
Q

How long should dairy cattle spend lying down?

A

10-12 hours per day

46
Q

What does increased lying time cause?

A

Decreased lameness
Decreased biomechanical stresses
Decreased exposure to manure slurry

47
Q

Describe free stalls for dairy cattle

A 
Length: 8-9 feet
Width: 48 inches
Lunge area free of obstructions
Brisket board does not interfere with rising behavior
Soft and malleable bedding
Dry
48
Q

What are the advantages of Rubber mats?

A

Reduced risk of lameness
Decreased claw growth/wear
Improved gait on rubber mats

49
Q

What is the therapy for Sacroiliac luxation?

A

No therapy - sent to market

50
Q

What is the most common stifle injury in cattle?

A

Cranial cruciate injury

51
Q

Clinical signs of Cranial cruciate injury

A

effusion
instability
“click” when begin to bear weight

52
Q

What is the cause of cranial cruciate rupture in dairy cattle?

A

Acute injury followed by chronic progressive DJD

53
Q

What is the cause of cranial cruciate rupture in Beef bulls?

A

DJD associated with “post-legged” confirmation

54
Q

How do you treat cranial cruciate rupture?

A

Rest and NSAIDs

Surgery

55
Q

Where is it more common to see a collateral ligament?

A

Medially

56
Q

How do you treat collateral ligament injury?

A

Imbrication

57
Q

Clinical signs of Stifle injury

A 
Short stride
Limited flexion of stifle joint 
Walk on their toes, heel elevated
Leg held in abduction 
Bear very little weight 
Acute injury followed by chronic progressive DJD
58
Q

How do you treat Left stifle anterior cruciate?

A

NSAIDs and aqua cow for 12 hours for a few days

59
Q

How do you treat deep tissue abscesses?

A

Ultrasound lancing

Antibiotics

60
Q

Where do foals commonly get septic joints?

A

Carpus
Tarsus
Stifle joints

61
Q

How do you treat septic joints in cattle?

A

Stick a needle in it
lavage
IA and systemic antibiotics

62
Q

How do you treat Severe flexural deformities?

A

Extended toe
Splint/cast
Oxytetracycline

63
Q

How do you treat Flexural contraction?

A

Physical therapy

64
Q

How many layers are in a cast for an animal that is less than 150kg?

A

6-8 layers

65
Q

How many layers are in a cast for an animal that is greater than 150kg?

A

10-12 layers

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions