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RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 > Bovine Metabolic Disease > Flashcards

Bovine Metabolic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What score is the body condition of the Dairy cow based on?

A

1-5 scale

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2
Q

When is the peak incidence for Fatty liver syndrome?

A

2 weeks prepartum to 10 weeks post partum

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3
Q

What animals are predispose to Fatty Liver syndrome?

A

Obese cows post partum

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Fatty liver?

A

Obese cow loses weight leading to fat infiltrating the liver to impair liver function, increase disease susceptibility, reduce fertility, and lay lead to death

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of fatty liver syndrome?

A

Leukopenia with degenerative left shift and elevation of liver enzymes

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6
Q

What is the therapy for fatty liver?

A 
50% glucose intravenously or 25% glucose/25% fructose
Protamine zinc insulin and glucose
Choline and niacin
Propylene glycol or sodium proprionate 
Antibiotics
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7
Q

Ketosis

A

characterized by an abnormally high concentration of ketone bodies in the body and body fluids

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8
Q

Primary ketosis

A

negative energy balance, especially in early lactation

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9
Q

Secondary Ketosis

A

related to anorexia associated with another disease process

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Ketosis

A

Decreased appetite and milk production
hypocalcemia
Nervous form may occur
Odor of ketones on breath, in urine, and in milk

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11
Q

How do you diagnose for Ketosis?

A

Test for ketones in urine and milk

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Ketosis?

A

Stimulate gluconeogenesis
Increase utilization of blood glucose
Reduce plasma ketones and free fatty acids
Supplement the ration

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13
Q

How do you prevent Ketosis?

A

Maintain proper body condition from the dry period through calving
Encourage maximum dry matter intake
Feed a balanced ration with high quality forages to early lactation cows
Minimize negative energy balance after calving

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14
Q

In what animals do you often see Pregnancy toxemia?

A

Beef cows

Small ruminants

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15
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia

A

caused by chronic underfeeding during the pregnancy, usually lots of poor quality forage with no supplemental grain or energy

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16
Q

What is the cause of Parturient paresis?

A

Hypocalcemia associated with parturition

Rapid onset of milk production results in an acute depletion of serum ionized calcium

17
Q

Clinical signs of Parturient paresis

A

1) hypersensitivity, excitement, twitching, incoordination
2) sternal recumbency with subnormal temperature and signs related to lack of muscular activity, bloat, dilated pupils
3) complete muscle flaccidity, unable to remain in sternal recumbency, loss of consciousness, coma

18
Q

What is the treatment for Parturient paresis?

A

Calcium therapy intravenously - calcium borogluconate

Oral administered electrolyte paste

19
Q

What is the common name for Parturient paresis?

A

Milk fever

20
Q

How do you prevent Parturient paresis?

A

Regulate and minimize calcium fed during dry period
Increase feeding of anionic salts during the dry period
Orally administered paste at calving

21
Q

What is the most common problem of cattle?

A

Phosphorus deficiency

22
Q

What animals are severely affected by Hypophosphatemia?

A

Young animals

Heavily lactating dairy cows

23
Q

Clinical signs of Hypophosphatemia

A 
Decreased feed consumption 
Impaired reproductive performance
Physeal enlargement 
rickets
stiffness
bowed legs
Osteomalacia
stiffness
Spontaneous fractures
Pica
Hemoglobinuria
24
Q

What is the treatment of Hypophosphatemia?

A

Dietary supplements
Sodium acid phosphate intravenously
Pasture fertilization

25
Q

What is the cause of Hypomagnesemia?

A

magnesium deficiency when cattle feed on lush green highly fertilized pastures during the cool growing season

26
Q

Clinical signs of Hypomagnesemia

A 
Hyperexcitability 
hyperesthesia
Aberrant behavior 
staggering to lateral recumbency with violent opisthotonus
Nystagmus
salivation 
Death
27
Q

How do you diagnose Hypomagnesemia?

A 
Low magnesium (less than 1.2mg/dl)
Hypocalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia
28
Q

Treatment for Hypomagnesium

A

Magnesium hypophosphate
Calcium
Orally administered electrolyte paste

29
Q

How do you prevent Hypomagnesemia?

A

Magnesium supplementation during winter grazing
Pasture topdressing with magnesium
Phosphate fertilization of pastures

30
Q

Downer Cow

A

cow that remains down in sternal recumbency

31
Q

When is a downer cow seen usually?

A

2 days before parturition until 10 days after parturition

32
Q

What is the signalment of the downer cow?

A

5-8 years of age
High producers larger cows
History of parturient paresis

33
Q

What is the cause of Downer Cow?

A

Sequel to parturient paresis and pressue damage
Muscle damage with or without crush syndrome
Nerve damage
Skeletal damage
Metabolic damage

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of Downer cows?

A 
Sternal recumbency or lateral recumbency
Bright and alert with normal temperature
Respiratory and cardiovascular signs 
Appetite present but reduced
Frequent attempts to rise may result in creeping or crawling
35
Q

What is a sign of grave prognosis in a downer cow?

A

Lateral recumbency

36
Q

What are the clinical findings with Downer cows?

A 
Calcium is normal 
Phosphorus low
AST and CPK may be high 
Proteinuria 
Myoglobinuria 
ketonuria
37
Q

What is the treatment for the Downer cow?

A

Adequate treatment for metabolic disorders such as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
Nursing care with good footing, turning the cow frequently to avoid pressure
Lifting devices

38
Q

What are signs of a poor prognosis in the downer cow?

A

Lateral recumbency
Continual rise in CPK
Continual rise in BUN

39
Q

How do you prevent the Downer Cow?

A

Prevention of hypocalcemia
Allowing calving in a properly bedded area with frequent supervision
Prompt treatment of any recumbent cow

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 (12 decks)

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