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RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 > Bovine Respiratory > Flashcards

Bovine Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of Sinusitis?

A

Obvious discharge from the head with or without facial deformities
Squint their eyes
hold their heads in unusual positions
press their heads against immovable objects
reluctant when the examiner approaches their head

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2
Q

Clinical signs of Nasal obstruction?

A

Unilateral airflow deficit
respiratory stridor
severe dyspnea with open mouth breathing due to bilateral obstruction

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3
Q

What causes Fungal granulomas or masses?

A

Actinoballilosis

Nocardiosis

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4
Q

What is the treatment for fungal masses?

A

Sodium Iodide IV q 10-14 days until resolves

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5
Q

What is the most common causes of Pharyngeal/Retropharyngeal Abscesses?

A

Inappropriate use of oral dosing equipment, stomach tubes, or potentially course feedstuffs

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pharyngeal/Retropharyngeal Abscesses?

A 
Head/neck extension 
excessive salivation 
Pharyngeal swelling 
Increased water or decreased feed 
malodorous breath with severe pain on palpation
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7
Q

What is the treatment for Pharyngeal/Retropharyngeal Abscesses?

A

Lancing the abscess
Tracheotomy
Antibiotics: Penicillins, oxytetracycline, florfenicol or ceftiofur

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8
Q

What occurs secondary to chondritis of the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Laryngeal/Pharyngeal Dysfunction

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9
Q

What causes Calf diptheria?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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10
Q

What are the common names for Bovine Herpes Virus 1?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Red Nose

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11
Q

What systems are affected by BHV1.1?

A

Respiratory dz and abortion

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12
Q

What systems are affected by BHV1.2a?

A

genital tract infectious (vulvovaginitis)

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13
Q

What systems are affected by BHV1.2b?

A

respiratory dz but not abortion

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14
Q

What is the signalment for BHV1?

A

calves 6 months or older

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15
Q

How do you diagnose BHV1?

A 
Nasal swabs 
immunofluorescence
PCR
ELIZA
IHC
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16
Q

What happens with the infection of BHV1?

A

secondary infection with M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, or Mycoplasma spp.

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs for BHV1?

A 
Fever 
Rhinitis
Conjunctivitis
Inappetance
Labored breathing 
Drop in milk production 
Hyperemia of muzzle
Pustules and diptheritic plaques
ulceration of nasal mucosa and trachea
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18
Q

What cells are affect by Bovine Parainfluenza 3?

A

epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and alveoli

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19
Q

What is the result of Bovine Parainfluenza 3?

A

bronchitis

bronchiolitis

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20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bovine Parainfluenza 3?

A 
Fever (104-107)
Depression 
Anorexia 
Nasal and ocular discharge 
Tracheal rales
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21
Q

What is important about Bovine Adenovirus?

A

Found in the respiratory tract and GI tract of inapparently sick and diseased animals

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22
Q

What is included in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex?

A

Bovine Coronavirus
BRSV
BVDV
PI-3

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs of BRSV?

A

Fever causing abortion

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24
Q

What is the signalment of BRSV?

A

3-12 month old calves

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25
Q

What happens to the animal if it gets BRSV twice?

A

It dies

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26
Q

How is BRSV spread?

A

respiratory secretions

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27
Q

What cells are infected by BRSV?

A

epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa to the bronchi including type II pneumocytes and macrophages

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28
Q

What are the clinical signs of BRSV?

A

Fever (104-108)
+/- cough
Nasal and ocular discharge
pneumothorax from labored breathing

29
Q

How do you diagnose BRSV?

A

Viral isolation from nasal swabs
PCR
IHC

30
Q

How do you prevent BRSV?

A

Killed and MLV vaccines

31
Q

What viruses are the in Pestivirus genus?

A

BVDV
Classical swine fever/hog cholera
border disease in sheep

32
Q

What is the most important reservoir for BVDV?

A

persistently infected cattle

33
Q

What is the most common form of BVD?

A

Non-cytopathic

34
Q

What is the cause of perisistently infected cattle?

A

pregnant cattle becoming infected between 42 and 125 days

35
Q

How is BVDV transmitted?

A

direct or close contact with infected cattle
Iatrogenic transmission
PI CATTLE!!

36
Q

What organs are affected by BVDV?

A

Lymphoid organs

37
Q

Mucosal disease of BVDV

A

a PI calf infected with the Non-cytotoxic strain becomes infected with the cytotoxic strain

38
Q

How do you diagnose BVDV?

A

Virus isolation from nasal swabs
ELISA
Serology

39
Q

What is the important part of preventing BVDV?

A

Biosecurity

Vaccination

40
Q

What is the treatment for PI calves?

A

Euthanized

Fed to market weight

41
Q

Shipping Fever

A

several factors that disrupt the innate immunity and mucociliary apparatus of the host allowing commensals to overgrow

42
Q

What is the first lobe to be infected in cows with bacterial pneumonia?

A

Right Tracheal Bronchial Lobe

43
Q

What is one of the most important pathogens of domestic cattle?

A

Manheimia haemolytica

44
Q

What is the primary bacterial agent responsible for bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis?

A

Manheimia haemolytica

45
Q

What is the route of transmission for Manheimia haemolytica?

A

Inhalation of bacteria containing droplets
Direct nose to nose contact
ingestion of feed contaminated with nasal discharges

46
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Manheimia haemolytica?

A 
DART
D - Depression 
A - Anorexia 
R - Respiration 
T - Temperature (Fever) 
Cough
47
Q

What does Mannheimia haemolytica cause?

A

Severe fibrinous pleuropneumonia

“Hepatization” of the lung

48
Q

What is the second most common pathogen associated with Shipping fever?

A

Pasteurella multocida

49
Q

What is important about Pasteurella multocida?

A

Zoonotic

50
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida cause?

A

Fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia

Abscesses are common

51
Q

What type of antibiotic can treat Pasteurella multocida?

A

Gram negative spectrum antibiotic

52
Q

How is Histophilus somni transmitted?

A

Direct contact

53
Q

Where does Histophilus somni colonize?

A

mucosal surfaces

54
Q

What is a clinical sign of Histophilus somni?

A

Honking cough

55
Q

Where do you find Histophilus somni survive?

A

Intracellularly in macrophages and neutrophils

56
Q

What does Mycoplasma spp cause?

A

Lobar suppurative bronchopneumonia with severe peribronchial cuffing
pleuritis
Coagulative necrosis lesions of the bronchiole

57
Q

What causes “pneumonia-arthritis syndrome”?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

58
Q

What is important to know about Mycoplasma bovis vaccination?

A

vaccination results in high interferon gamma and Th-1 biased immune response with enhanced lung damage

59
Q

What is a clinical sign of M. bovis in calves?

A

Cachexia

60
Q

What is the method of choice for M. bovis diagnosis?

A

IHC

61
Q

How do you treat M. bovis?

A

Resflor
Nuflor
Draxxin
Baytril

62
Q

What causes ABPE (Fog Fever)?

A

1-tryptophan present in the pasture is metabolized in the rumen to 3-methylindole which in turn is absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to the lungs
3-methylindole causes extensive and selective necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type 1 pneumocytes and increased alveolar permeability leading to edema, thickening the alveolar interstitium and alveolar and interstitial emphysema

63
Q

What are the lesions associated with ABPE?

A

diffuse interstitial pneumonia with severe alveolar and interstitial edema and interlobular emphysema

64
Q

How do the lungs appear with ABPE?

A

expanded, pale and rubbery in texture

65
Q

What lobes are affected with ABPE?

A

caudal lobes

66
Q

What are the clinical signs of ABPE?

A

Severe respiratory distress
dyspnea
emphysema in the lungs and SQ

67
Q

How do you prevent ABPE?

A

allow younger animals to graze the pastures first will lower the incidence in older cows by reducing the amount of Tryptophan rich grass
feeding ionophores to change the volatile fatty acid production to proprionic acid

68
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparous

A

parasite migrates to the bronchi causing severe bronchial irritation, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema

69
Q

What is the signalment for Dictyocaulus viviparous?

A

calves during their first summer grazing pastures that are repeated from year to year

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 (12 decks)

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