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RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 > Bovine Respiratory > Flashcards

Bovine Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of Sinusitis?

A

Obvious discharge from the head with or without facial deformities
Squint their eyes
hold their heads in unusual positions
press their heads against immovable objects
reluctant when the examiner approaches their head

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2
Q

Clinical signs of Nasal obstruction?

A

Unilateral airflow deficit
respiratory stridor
severe dyspnea with open mouth breathing due to bilateral obstruction

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3
Q

What causes Fungal granulomas or masses?

A

Actinoballilosis

Nocardiosis

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4
Q

What is the treatment for fungal masses?

A

Sodium Iodide IV q 10-14 days until resolves

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5
Q

What is the most common causes of Pharyngeal/Retropharyngeal Abscesses?

A

Inappropriate use of oral dosing equipment, stomach tubes, or potentially course feedstuffs

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pharyngeal/Retropharyngeal Abscesses?

A 
Head/neck extension 
excessive salivation 
Pharyngeal swelling 
Increased water or decreased feed 
malodorous breath with severe pain on palpation
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7
Q

What is the treatment for Pharyngeal/Retropharyngeal Abscesses?

A

Lancing the abscess
Tracheotomy
Antibiotics: Penicillins, oxytetracycline, florfenicol or ceftiofur

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8
Q

What occurs secondary to chondritis of the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Laryngeal/Pharyngeal Dysfunction

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9
Q

What causes Calf diptheria?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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10
Q

What are the common names for Bovine Herpes Virus 1?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Red Nose

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11
Q

What systems are affected by BHV1.1?

A

Respiratory dz and abortion

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12
Q

What systems are affected by BHV1.2a?

A

genital tract infectious (vulvovaginitis)

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13
Q

What systems are affected by BHV1.2b?

A

respiratory dz but not abortion

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14
Q

What is the signalment for BHV1?

A

calves 6 months or older

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15
Q

How do you diagnose BHV1?

A 
Nasal swabs 
immunofluorescence
PCR
ELIZA
IHC
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16
Q

What happens with the infection of BHV1?

A

secondary infection with M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, or Mycoplasma spp.

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs for BHV1?

A 
Fever 
Rhinitis
Conjunctivitis
Inappetance
Labored breathing 
Drop in milk production 
Hyperemia of muzzle
Pustules and diptheritic plaques
ulceration of nasal mucosa and trachea
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18
Q

What cells are affect by Bovine Parainfluenza 3?

A

epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and alveoli

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19
Q

What is the result of Bovine Parainfluenza 3?

A

bronchitis

bronchiolitis

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20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bovine Parainfluenza 3?

A 
Fever (104-107)
Depression 
Anorexia 
Nasal and ocular discharge 
Tracheal rales
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21
Q

What is important about Bovine Adenovirus?

A

Found in the respiratory tract and GI tract of inapparently sick and diseased animals

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22
Q

What is included in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex?

A

Bovine Coronavirus
BRSV
BVDV
PI-3

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs of BRSV?

A

Fever causing abortion

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24
Q

What is the signalment of BRSV?

A

3-12 month old calves

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25
What happens to the animal if it gets BRSV twice?
It dies
26
How is BRSV spread?
respiratory secretions
27
What cells are infected by BRSV?
epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa to the bronchi including type II pneumocytes and macrophages
28
What are the clinical signs of BRSV?
Fever (104-108) +/- cough Nasal and ocular discharge pneumothorax from labored breathing
29
How do you diagnose BRSV?
Viral isolation from nasal swabs PCR IHC
30
How do you prevent BRSV?
Killed and MLV vaccines
31
What viruses are the in Pestivirus genus?
BVDV Classical swine fever/hog cholera border disease in sheep
32
What is the most important reservoir for BVDV?
persistently infected cattle
33
What is the most common form of BVD?
Non-cytopathic
34
What is the cause of perisistently infected cattle?
pregnant cattle becoming infected between 42 and 125 days
35
How is BVDV transmitted?
direct or close contact with infected cattle Iatrogenic transmission PI CATTLE!!
36
What organs are affected by BVDV?
Lymphoid organs
37
Mucosal disease of BVDV
a PI calf infected with the Non-cytotoxic strain becomes infected with the cytotoxic strain
38
How do you diagnose BVDV?
Virus isolation from nasal swabs ELISA Serology
39
What is the important part of preventing BVDV?
Biosecurity | Vaccination
40
What is the treatment for PI calves?
Euthanized | Fed to market weight
41
Shipping Fever
several factors that disrupt the innate immunity and mucociliary apparatus of the host allowing commensals to overgrow
42
What is the first lobe to be infected in cows with bacterial pneumonia?
Right Tracheal Bronchial Lobe
43
What is one of the most important pathogens of domestic cattle?
Manheimia haemolytica
44
What is the primary bacterial agent responsible for bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis?
Manheimia haemolytica
45
What is the route of transmission for Manheimia haemolytica?
Inhalation of bacteria containing droplets Direct nose to nose contact ingestion of feed contaminated with nasal discharges
46
What are the clinical signs associated with Manheimia haemolytica?
``` DART D - Depression A - Anorexia R - Respiration T - Temperature (Fever) Cough ```
47
What does Mannheimia haemolytica cause?
Severe fibrinous pleuropneumonia | "Hepatization" of the lung
48
What is the second most common pathogen associated with Shipping fever?
Pasteurella multocida
49
What is important about Pasteurella multocida?
Zoonotic
50
What does Pasteurella multocida cause?
Fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia | Abscesses are common
51
What type of antibiotic can treat Pasteurella multocida?
Gram negative spectrum antibiotic
52
How is Histophilus somni transmitted?
Direct contact
53
Where does Histophilus somni colonize?
mucosal surfaces
54
What is a clinical sign of Histophilus somni?
Honking cough
55
Where do you find Histophilus somni survive?
Intracellularly in macrophages and neutrophils
56
What does Mycoplasma spp cause?
Lobar suppurative bronchopneumonia with severe peribronchial cuffing pleuritis Coagulative necrosis lesions of the bronchiole
57
What causes "pneumonia-arthritis syndrome"?
Mycoplasma bovis
58
What is important to know about Mycoplasma bovis vaccination?
vaccination results in high interferon gamma and Th-1 biased immune response with enhanced lung damage
59
What is a clinical sign of M. bovis in calves?
Cachexia
60
What is the method of choice for M. bovis diagnosis?
IHC
61
How do you treat M. bovis?
Resflor Nuflor Draxxin Baytril
62
What causes ABPE (Fog Fever)?
1-tryptophan present in the pasture is metabolized in the rumen to 3-methylindole which in turn is absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to the lungs 3-methylindole causes extensive and selective necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type 1 pneumocytes and increased alveolar permeability leading to edema, thickening the alveolar interstitium and alveolar and interstitial emphysema
63
What are the lesions associated with ABPE?
diffuse interstitial pneumonia with severe alveolar and interstitial edema and interlobular emphysema
64
How do the lungs appear with ABPE?
expanded, pale and rubbery in texture
65
What lobes are affected with ABPE?
caudal lobes
66
What are the clinical signs of ABPE?
Severe respiratory distress dyspnea emphysema in the lungs and SQ
67
How do you prevent ABPE?
allow younger animals to graze the pastures first will lower the incidence in older cows by reducing the amount of Tryptophan rich grass feeding ionophores to change the volatile fatty acid production to proprionic acid
68
Dictyocaulus viviparous
parasite migrates to the bronchi causing severe bronchial irritation, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema
69
What is the signalment for Dictyocaulus viviparous?
calves during their first summer grazing pastures that are repeated from year to year

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine II 2017 (12 decks)

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