Mary I: social impact of religious and economic changes Flashcards
rebellion; intellectual developments; humanist and religious thought
when and where was the Wyatt rebellion
spring 1554 in Kent
What was the main cause of the Wyatt rebellion
The marriage of Mary to Philip
There was fear English interests would become subservient to those of Spain
What were the minor causes of the Wyatt rebellion
Catholic restoration
decline in the cloth industry in Kent may have prompted some poorer people to rebel
local political instability attracted some gentry who had lost office and some younger gentry who feared Philips presence at court would affect their career opportunities
How many people were involved in the Wyatt rebellion
3,000
Who attempted to stop the Wyatt rebellion and why did they fail
Duke of Norfolk
His own troops were persuaded to join the side of Wyatt
How far were the Wyatt rebels able to march
marched to Ludgate before being stopped
1/2 a km from the queens tower
How did the government deal with the rebels
90 rebels and Wyatt were executed
Lady Jane was executed as her father was involved
Elizabeth was arrested and confined to the tower but Mary had no proof of her implication in the rebellion so she was released 2 months later
was there any humanist influence in Mary’s church
no
poles governance of the church did not have humanistic influence
how did the pope influence humanism
Pope Paul IV regarded Erasmus as a heretic
Why was humanism not an influence in the church
religion was at a more practical level than the intellect of humanism
Who wrote a profitable and necessary doctrine and what was it
Edmund Bonner (bishop of London)
explained the catholic faith at a straightforward level
Who was appointed papal legate and what was their role
Cardinal Pole
Sent to England to restore papal supremacy
what was the first religious reform Mary made
deprived protestant clergy of their livings including 7 bishops
foreign protestants ordered to leave
When was Cranmer arrested
September 1553
When was the first act of repeal
October 1553
What did the first act of repeal do
undid the Edwardian reformation
restored ordered of service from the time of Henry VIIIs death
all clergy that had married when it was allowed could be deprived of their livings
What did parliament refuse to do to reform religion
refused to repeal the act of supremacy
the legal status of the church of England was upheld
When did Mary give up the tile of supreme head of the church
December 1553
When were the royal injunctions
March 1554
what did the royal injunctions do
bishops were told to supress heresy
removal of married clergy
restoration of holy days, processions and ceremonies
how many priests were removed form Norwich because of the royal injunctions
243
What did Pole do in November 1554
Returned to England
removed the sentence of ex communication
When was the second act of repeal
January 1555
What did the second act of repeal do
undid all the anti-papal legislation since 1529
why were people suspicious of pole
he was adamant that papal supremacy would only return once ex-monastic lands were returned to the church
eventually realised this wouldn’t be possible but damaged his reputation
why were Mary’s relations with the pope strained
Pope Paul IV who took over from Pope Julius III was anti Spanish
he regarded pole as heretic
Mary was dragged into a war against the papacy
How did Pole strain Mary’s relations with the pope
Pole was dismissed as papal legate in 1557 and replaced by William Peto but Mary refused to acknowledge Peto’s authority over Pole (archbishop of Canterbury)
Pole was accused of heresy by the pope but Mary refused to let him leave England to attend his trial
How did Pole improve the quality of the church
Encourage Bishops to visit their dioceses more often
London Synod
What was the London Synod and when was is
1555
Required parish priests to be residents of their parish to stop abuses like having more than one parish
When was the heresy law and what did it do
December 1554
Led to trial and execution of those who refused to accept Catholicism
How many protestants were burnt at the stake
280
including Cranmer and other prominent protestant but mainly normal people
How were crown finances made more efficient
court of exchequer took over the court of first fruits and tenths ad the court of augmentations
what did the court of exchequer do
successfully pursued crown debts
When was the new book of rates and what did it do
1558
new customs rate on average 100% higher increasing customs revenue
why was their inflation
rising population
harvest failures 1555-1556
who much did the purchasing power of workers wages drop
dropped 59% 1509-1559
how did Mary try to relieve the poor
encouraged the conversion of pasture land to tillage
enforced laws against grain hoarders
how much money did increasing rents on crown land make
£40,000 a year
