Henry VIII religion Flashcards
renaissance ideas; reform of the Church; continuity and change by 1547
Who was the most significant humanist voice in English education
John Colet
What did John Colet do in education
Refoundation of St Paul’s school London
appointed the schools governors members from a city guild rather than choosing clergymen
the schools statutes laid down a curriculum including works by Erasmus and teaching methods derived from humanist principles
What did schools such as St Pauls and Magdalen college school Oxford do
firmly adopted Platonist educational principles
influenced the foundation of other colleges e.g. Corpus Christi and Cardinal at oxford
What did Wolsey do for humanist education
founded his college (Cardinal college Oxford) and a school in Ipswich on humanist principles
Endowed a professorship in Greek at Oxford
Why did renaissance ideas influence culture more
knowledge of classical learning increased amongst the elite groups in society
more schools were influenced by humanist approaches to education
Henry saw himself as a promoter of new ideas and humanism
the crown needed well-educated diplomats who could communicate with their counterparts in other countries elegantly
Example of renaissance influence on visual culture
Henry commissioned Italian sculptor Pietro Torrigiano to produce tombs of his parents and grandmother in the renaissance style
did renaissance influences predominate during Henry’s reign
No
Gothic remained the predominant cultural form
what was more prominent than portraits and what was their influence
tapestries
Flemish origin
displayed medieval culture
what corruptions were associated with the church
pluralism - receiving the profits of more than one post
simony - the purchase of church office
non-residence - receiving the profits of a post but not being present to perform the duties associated with it
what is anticlericalism
opposition to the political and social importance of the clergy
often seen as a weakness of the church
example of clerical misconduct
murder of Richard Hunne 1514
London merchant found dead in his cell in the bishop of London’s prison
Claimed he hung himself
clear it was murder - most likely torture gone wrong
damaged the reputation of the church in the short term
How did Wolsey fund the establishment of Cardinal college
dissolution of around 20 religious houses in the 1520s
what was a criticism of the monasteries
the larger monasteries had become in effect substantial businesses with huge resources in terms of land and buildings
Who was the prominent protestant in the reformation
Archbishop Cranmer
When was the act of supremacy and what did it do
1534
Confirmed that the king was the supreme head of the church of England
When was Cromwell appointed Vicegerent in spirituals and what did this do
1534
Cromwell was second only to the king and so outranked archbishops and bishops - Cromwell had a lot of power over the church
How was the church’s administration attempted to be improved
6 new dioceses were created
What was Valor Ecclesiasticus and when was it
1535
began the process of dissolution
survey set up by Cromwell to get an accurate indication of the resources which were available for the Crown to exploit
what were the visitations to the monasteries
4 “visitors” sent around the country to inspect all monastic institutions
very critical of the monasteries
used to justify the dissolution
When were the smaller monasteries dissolved and how
1536 act of parliament meant monasteries with income of under £200 a year were dissolved
When were the remaining religious houses dissolved and how
1539 act dissolving the remaining monasteries passed
by march 1540 all of the remaining religious houses had been dissolved
When were the first set of royal injunctions and what did they do
1536
encourage more moral conduct
placed a restriction on the number of holy days to be observed
discourage pilgrimages
When were the second set of royal injunctions and what did they do
1538
pilgrimages and veneration of relics and images condemned
Clergy who had upheld the virtues of pilgrimages, relics and images were required to publicly recant
required each parish church to acquire an English bible
when was the Act for the advancement of true religion and what did it do
1543
restricted the public reading of the bible to upper class males
Why did Henry pass the act for the advancement of true religion
Henry feared the English bible would allow the wrong people to read the wrong parts of the bible
Was the English bible popular
in practice very few people actually were able to the read the bible and the majority of religious messages came from visual images
When was the ten articles and what did it do
1536
only eucharist penance and baptism were necessary to salvation
confession praised
praying to saints for remissions of sins rejected
had both lutheran and catholic influences
When was the bishops book and what did it do
restored the four sacraments omitted from the ten articles but gave them a lower status
when was the six articles act and what did it do
1539
reasserted catholic doctrine
denial of transubstantiation was deemed heretical
How was the church similar to the beginning of Henry’s reign
The hierarchy of the church remained in tact
little attempt to alter the interior of the church
services remained in traditional form
services still held in Latin and music still played an important role in cathedrals and colleges
How had the jurisdiction of the church changed
The pope no longer had jurisdiction
The king was a much more visible authority figure over the church than the pope
How had the monasteries changed
monasteries had been dissolved
many monastic buildings were in ruins and through dissolution a massive amount of resources had been transferred from the church to the crown
How had parish churches changed
required to possess English bibles
