Elizabethan economic development Flashcards
trade, exploration and colonisation; prosperity and depression
What was the biggest development in internal trade
the growth in shipping of coal from the Tyne to the Thames to meet the growing demands of the London market
where was some coal exported
across the North sea
including a rapidly developing trade with France
what suggests luxury good were becoming affordable for a wider range of the population
w wider range of foreign luxury goods came to be imported during Es reign
What trade declined in importance in the economy
The cloth trade with the Netherlands
Why did cloth trade with the Netherlands decline
The Antwerp cloth market had declined from the early 1550s
Cecil wanted to end the dependence on a single market
Alternative trade in the German port of Emden was developed
commercial growth of Amsterdam came at the expense of Antwerp which remained under Spanish control
Who invented the English slave trade
John Hawkins
How did Hawkins create the slave trade
make 3 expeditions from 1562 acquiring slaves in Africa that he then transported and sold in South America
How was Hawkins supported
secured investment from prominent couriers including the Earl of Leicester
the queen supplied ships - for a price
How did Hawkins antagonise relations with Spain
third expedition - Fleet was blockaded in the Mexican port of San Juan de Ulua
some of the gold got back to England but it strained relations with Spain
suggests E was willing to antagonised Philip in return for profit
What trading companies were set up to widen English trading interest
The Muscovy Company
The Eastland Company
The Levant Company/The Turkish company
The East India Company
What was the role of the Muscovy company and was it successful
trade with Russia and Northern Europe
failed to compete effectively with the Dutch
What was the role of the Eastland company and was it successful
trade in the baltic
limited effect
What was the role of the Levant/Turkis company and was it successful
Trade with the ottoman empire
was successful
What was the role of the East India company and was it successful
trade with Asia
had less investment compared with the Dutch East India Company so found it difficult to compete in the long term
what did Walter Raleigh receive and when
1585
received a patent from the queen to colonise what would be known as Virginia in North America
What did Raleigh do
made two expeditions which landed on Roanoke Island in which was to become North Carolina
Why did colonialisation of Virginia fail
poor organisation
ill luck
reluctance by the queen to give the matter priority when she faced with war from Spain
How did landowners benefit from Elizabethan economy
landed incomes rose
many could aquire a range of material possessions
large landowners had been able to profit from the generosity of H8 and E6 when selling ex-church lands for a low price
what was one of the consequences of the prosperity of landowners
huge proliferations of building of great houses and country houses
how were some farmers able to benefit
rise in agricultural prices
Why did some established towns decline during Es reign
places that had been heavily dependent on the cloth industry declined as this had migrated to more rural areas
Stamford and Winchester declined
what new urban settlements developed
Manchester and Plymouth
How did London negatively impact some places
the growth of London as a port and an industrial centre had a detrimental effect on other towns and cities
what town benefitted from London and how
Newcastle upon Tyne
benefitted from supplying London’s economic needs e.g. coal
How many harvests of Es reign were poor
9 of 44 harvests
where were real wages by 1596
had collapsed to less than half the level they were in 1587
Where were the worst conditions in the country
the far North starvation was seen in both the remote rural areas and in the urban centre of Newcastle
How many starved people did Newcastle bury
25
homeless and were presumed to have starved
when was the impact of bad harvests particularly bad
1594-1597
there were four successive poor harvests
where were the wealthiest parts of the country
South-East
followed by Norfolk and Suffolk and the inner West Country
Where were the poorest parts of the country
The North and the West Midlands
Evidence of differences in regional wealth
inventories of goods left by labourers in Hertfordshire suggests they left goods worth almost three times as much as their counterparts in Northern England
What relations became closer during the reign
Relations between the crown and the landed elites
the crown and the commercial elites of London - especially through participation in joint-stock companies
