Henry VII foreign policy Flashcards
Relationships with Scotland and other foreign powers; securing the succession; marriage alliances
when was the French invasion of Brittany
1487
when did parliament grant Henry extraordinary taxation for an invasion of France
1489
When was the Treaty of Redon and what did it do
1489
Duchess Anne (Brittany) agreed to pay for a small English army to defend Brittany from the French
What happened when the French invaded Brittany
Anne (Duchess of Brittany) surrendered to France and married Charles VIII
leaving the English army marooned in Brittany
When did Henry invade France
1492
what did the English invasion of France lead to
Treaty of Etaples
When was the treaty of Etaples and what did it lead to
1492
Charles VIII withdraw his support for Perkin Warbeck
Charles would pay Henry a pension of £5000 a year to compensate him for raising an army to invade France
Why was Scotland a threat
James IV offered support to Perkin Warbeck and the 2 countries had a long term rivalry
What did Scotland provide to Perkin Warbeck
2 years in the Scottish court
A pension form the king and an aristocratic marriage to Lady Catherine Gordon (James IVs cousin)
What did James IV do in 1496
encourage Warbeck to cross the border
What happened in Warbeck’s invasion from Scotland
his army gathered little support so had to retreat
when did henry invade Scotland
1496
What did the English counter invasion into Scotland cause
The cornish rebellion
When was the treaty of Ayton and what did it do
1497
secured a truce between England and Scotland
When was the treaty of perpetual peace and what did it do
1502
formal peace treaty
sanctioned marriage between princess Margaret and James IV
When did Margaret and James IV marry
1503
Why was Burgundy important
Majority of England’s export went through ports of the Netherlands e.g. Antwerp which came under Burgundy’s jurisdiction
When and why did Henry put a trade embargo on the Netherlands
1493-1496
Maximilian (Holy Roman Emperor) and Philip (held jurisdiction over the Netherlands) offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck
Why was the trade embargo with the Netherlands controversial
It showed that Henry was willing to sacrifice the commercial interests of merchants for dynastic security
when was the intercursus magnus and what did it do
1496
ended the trade embargo
When was the treaty of windsor and what did it do
1506
created the intercursus malus
Earl of Suffolk returned
proposed marriage between Archduchess Margaret (Philip’s sister) and Henry 7
recognition of Juana and Philip as ruler of Castille
When was the intercursus malus and what did it do
1506
tried to improve the trading position of English merchants in the Netherlands but was not successful
When was the treaty of Medina del Campo and what did it do
1489
mutual protection between England and Spain
agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
agreed marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
why did the marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon not go well
Ferdinand was reluctant to allow it while Perkin Warbeck was still a threat
when was the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Arthur agreed and took place
agreed in 1499
took place in 1501
When did Arthur die
1502
what happened in Spain in 1504
Isabella of Castille died meaning there was a power struggle between Juana (Isabella’s sister) and Ferdinand
Henry supported Juana
how was Henry able to create the Treaty of Windsor
Juana and Philip shipwrecked in 1506 and landed in England and Henry took advantage of their situation
Where was Henry’s power in Ireland
The Pale - the area of land which surrounded Dublin
Who had power in areas of Ireland that was not the pale
descendants of anglo-norman barons
most important were the Fitzgerald’s (Geraldines) and the Butlers
Who was lord deputy in Ireland and why was Henry fearful of him
Earl of Kildare (since 1477)
had Yorkist sympathies
crowned Lambert Simnel king of Ireland in 1486
supported Perkin Warbeck in 1491
How did Henry change the control of Ireland
Instead of relying on the cheap but unreliable Irish deputies he appointed Prince Henry as Lieutenant of Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy
When was Poynings law and what did it do
1495
Meant Irish parliament could not pass laws without the approval of the English crown
Why did Kildare become effective
by around 1496 he decided to support Henry which also secure the submission of some Irish deputies
When and why did henry have to recall Poynings and rely on Kildare
1495
Warbeck returned and besieged the town of Waterford
It was too expensive as Henry had to fund Scottish invasion
what were Henry’s foreign policy aims
to maintain positive relations with foreign powers to ensure national security, recognition of the Tudor dynasty and defence of English trading interests
why did Henry raise an army against the French in 1489
he had a sense of obligations to the Bretons
direct French control of Brittany could increase a potential threat to England
why did diplomatic relations with Spain deteriorate
Philip of Burgundy died soon after arriving in Spain
Ferdinand claimed Juana had gone crazy and was able to become regent of Castile
Henry left diplomatically isolated
