Edward VI: social impact of religious and economic changes Flashcards
rebellion; intellectual developments; humanist and religious thought
when were the royal injunctions
July 1547
What did the royal injunctions do
All churches had to have protestant literature and an English bible
Churches had to preach in English
When was the dissolution of the chantries and religious guilds
December 1547
What did the dissolution of the chantries and religious guilds do
Chantries gave prayers and ceremonies for the dead (social impact of them going)
Charitable events, feast and celebrations run by guilds and confraternities gone
The crown took the land property and assets
When was the first book of common prayer
May 1549
What did the first book of common prayer do
outlined the liturgy to be followed during services - unifying services
translated services to English
Relatively moderate
Who wrote the books of common prayer
Cranmer
When was the second book of common prayer
January 1552
What did the second book of common prayer do
removed all prayers for the dead
stopped the wearing of vestments
removed all traces of Catholicism
What was the impact of religious change
expenditure on church goods decreased and churches sold their treasures - fear of confiscation
decline in attendance recorded in Exeter
Decline in candidates for becoming a priest
People were less likely to leave money to their church in their will
how did Somerset fund his wars in Scotland
continued debasement leading to inflation
land sales and borrowing worsened crown finances
when was the vagrancy act
1547
what did the vagrancy act do
Any able bodied person out of work for more than 3 days would be branded with a “V” and sold into slavery for 2 years
Impact of the vagrancy act
Was not enforced
Very unpopular
showed the government fear of the rising number of poor people causing disorder
When was the sheep tax
March 1549
What did the sheep tax do
extra tax on sheep intended to stop enclosure from farmers turning arable land into pastures
placed huge financial pressure on small sheep farmers
One of the factors in the Western Rebellion
What did Somerset do to try and stop enclosure
sent out commissioners to investigate
Proclamations
When was the proclamation on enclosure
June 1548
What did the enclosure proclamation do
enforced all statutes against enclosure for grazing
Result of Somersets enclosure policy
raised hope for the poor
Commissioner did not bring any claims against enclosers
Enclosure rates declined
One of the main causes of the Kett’s rebellion
How did Northumberland stop the unrest caused by Somersets economic policies
repealed the Vagrancy act and sheep tax
4 things Northumberland did to improve the economic situation
Ended wars with Scotland and France
Abandoned debasement
Paid of the royal debts in Antwerp
Improved crown income
How did ending wars with France and Scotland improve crown finances
Return of Boulogne brought £133,333
wars are expensive
When was debasement ended
April 1551
Who paid off the royal debts in Antwerp
Sir Thomas Gresham
How quickly were the royal debts paid off in Antwerp
All Antwerp debts were paid off in 2 years
How did crown income improve
Sale of crown and chantry land
parliamentary taxes
How much money did the sale of crown and chantry land make
£210,000
How much money did parliamentary taxes raise
£336,000
When and where was the Western rebellion
Cornwall
June-August 1549
What caused the Western rebellion
The new prayer book being used on Whitsunday
William body investigating local church property created fear
Wanted return to Catholicism as traditional rituals and role of the church in the community had gone
sheep tax and landowners also a minor cause
Where did the Western rebellion assemble and where did it march to
Assembled in Bodmin
Marched to Devon then Exeter
What happened to the gentry in the Western rebellion
The quickly lost control
Local gentleman Hellier tried to disperse the crowds and got hacked up
Who was sent to deal with the Western rebellion and when did they advance
Lord Russel with a small army
Advanced in late July (tried to find peaceful settlement and avoided confrontation first as only had small army)
How long did Exeter have to defend itself during the Western rebellion and when was it relieved
6 weeks
Relieved in Early August
When were the Western rebels defeated and how many were killed
Mid August
3,000 killed
When and where was the Kett’s rebellion
East Anglia
July - August 1549
What were the causes of the Kett’s rebellion
Enclosure was the main cause as it was badly effecting local small farmers and Somersets proclamations had been ineffective
Minor cause was hatred of local government officials
Who led the Kett’s rebellion and where did they march to
Robert Kett
Marched to Norwich and encamped on Mousehold Heath
How many people were in the Kett’s rebellion
16,000
What happened to the gentry in the Kett’s rebellion
They were powerless
The local sheriff was almost arrested when he tried to disperse the rebels
Who tried to deal with the Kett’s rebellion and what did they do
the York Herald
Offered pardons to everyone and promised policy reforms but it was rejected
What did the rebels do to Norwich
Attacked with canons from coastal defences and took hold of Norwich mid July
Norwich was reoccupied by the Marquis of Northampton and a small army
The rebels managed to get Norwich back
How was the Kett’s rebellion ended
Earl of Warwick (becomes Northampton) and an army of 12,000 ground down the resistance
3,000 rebels killed
Kett arrested
How did the 1547 injunctions help humanism
required ‘paraphrases’ by Erasmus to be in every parish church
Who was Nicholas Udall
Humanist writer who received government encouragement
What did Northumberland’s junior secretary of state do
encouraged humanist scholars at Cambridge
Which humanist reformers were invited to work in England
Peter Martyr and Martin Bucer
Who was the leading continental reformer and where was he invited to work
Philip Melanchthon
Invited to be Bucers replacement as professor of divinity at Cambridge
