Elizabeth I: character and aims Flashcards
consolidation of power, including the Elizabethan Settlement and relations with foreign powers
Why may Elizabeth have been better suited to being queen than Mary
much better educated and had better knowledge of political process
How involved in government was Elizabeth
Had no desire to involve herself in the details of government
Determined to preserve the prerogative powers of the crown so insisted on making the most important decisions
What were Elizabeth’s short term aims
Consolidate her position
settle religious issues
Seek a peaceful settlement with the French
What made Elizabeth’s succession easy
Mary had recognised Elizabeth as her successor
Philip had sent his envoy (count Feria) to see Elizabeth before Mary’s death recognising her right of succession
What happened on 17th November that consolidated Elizabeth’s position
Mary dies, Nicholas Heath (Lord Chancellor) announces Mary’s death and proclaims Elizabeth’s succession even when legally parliament was meant to shut immediately
Showed that the political elite assented to the succession
What is the key appointment Elizabeth made
William Cecil appointed principal secretary
What did Count Feria try to do
Broker a marriage alliance between Elizabeth and Philip II
didn’t happen but showed Spain recognition of Elizabeth
When was the Elizabethan religious settlement and how was it achieved
1559 Achieved through 2 acts of parliament and the issue of royal injunctions
What did the act of supremacy do
restored in law the royal supremacy in the church
rejected the papal supremacy
restored reformation legislation from Henry VIII
Elizabeth made supreme governor of the church
Oath of supremacy to be take by the clergy - removed most Marian bishops as they refused
What did the act of uniformity do
specified the use of a specific book of common prayer
a modified versions of Cranmer’s second book of common prayer from 1552
required attendance at Church of England services
standardised worship practices
How was the second book of common prayer modified
the black rubric was removed - this was used in the 1552 prayer book to explain away the practice of kneeling at the administration of eucharist
variations in eucharistic belief were possible
specified that the ornament of the church and ministers should be from the second year of Edward reign
what did the royal injunctions do
emphasised suppression of superstition and the need to plant true religion to remove abuse
attack on traditional catholic practices e.g. eucharist administered at a communion table not altar
pilgrimage and candles removed
English bible and paraphrases by Erasmus required
When was the treaty of Cateu-Cambresis
1559
What did the treaty of Cateu-Cambresis do
Peace treaty between England and France
Calais would remain in French hands for 8 years then return to England id they kept the peace
If France failed to return Calais they would pay England 500,000 crowns
Why were French troops garrisoning in Scotland
Henry II dies and is succeeded by Francis II who is married to Mary queen of Scots
why was there internal conflict in Scotland
Lords of the congregation were seeking power and a protestant reformation in Scotland and were in conflict with the French troops
Why did England intervene in Scotland
Lords of the congregation requested English support
William Cecil persuaded Elizabeth to intervene
How did England intervene in Scotland
Initially just sent money and armaments
December 1559 sent navy to Firth and Forth to stop French troops landing
What treaty was made with the lords of the congregation and when was it
Treaty of Berwick
February 1560
offered conditional support
What happened in Scotland 1560
English troops and navy sent to siege Leith where French troops were situated
siege failed but French troops withdrew
Why were the English able to gain favourable terms at the treaty of Edinburgh
French withdrew from Scotland as Mary of Guise died and French fleets were damaged by a storm
How did Scotland become more protestant
Lords of the congregation formed a provisional conciliar government
Francis II dies and the guises fell from power so Mary’s influence in France fell and she returned to Scotland
Had to accept the political and religious power of protestants
When was there internal conflict in France and between who and why did Elizabeth intervene
1562 between Catholics and Protestants
wanted to put pressure on France while it was in a weak state
What alliance did Elizabeth make to intervene in France and what did it do
Alliance with Huguenot leader the Prince of Conde
Promised 6,000 men and a loan of 30,000 with control of Le Havre as security
What happened to the Huguenots in France
Army was defeated
Prince of Conde was captured
Why did both sides in France unite and what did they do
Prince of Conde was captured
Duke of Guise assassinated
Both sides leaderless
United to drive the English out of Le Havre
What did the failure in France mean
Had to accept unfavourable peace at the Treaty of Troyes in 1564
Lost the return of Calais
When was the Treaty of Edinburgh and what did it do
1560
French and English troops to leave Scotland and allow Scotland to settle its affairs
recognised Elizabeth as queen of England and Ireland and that MQS had no claim to the English throne
month later the popes influence over Scotland was brought to an end and Scotland became protestant
When was the Treaty of Troyes and what did it do
1564
recognised French ownership of Calais in return for 120,000 crowns
English crown officially renounced any claim to French territories
