Elizabeth I: character and aims Flashcards

consolidation of power, including the Elizabethan Settlement and relations with foreign powers

1
Q

Why may Elizabeth have been better suited to being queen than Mary

A

much better educated and had better knowledge of political process

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2
Q

How involved in government was Elizabeth

A

Had no desire to involve herself in the details of government
Determined to preserve the prerogative powers of the crown so insisted on making the most important decisions

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3
Q

What were Elizabeth’s short term aims

A

Consolidate her position
settle religious issues
Seek a peaceful settlement with the French

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4
Q

What made Elizabeth’s succession easy

A

Mary had recognised Elizabeth as her successor
Philip had sent his envoy (count Feria) to see Elizabeth before Mary’s death recognising her right of succession

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5
Q

What happened on 17th November that consolidated Elizabeth’s position

A

Mary dies, Nicholas Heath (Lord Chancellor) announces Mary’s death and proclaims Elizabeth’s succession even when legally parliament was meant to shut immediately
Showed that the political elite assented to the succession

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6
Q

What is the key appointment Elizabeth made

A

William Cecil appointed principal secretary

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7
Q

What did Count Feria try to do

A

Broker a marriage alliance between Elizabeth and Philip II
didn’t happen but showed Spain recognition of Elizabeth

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8
Q

When was the Elizabethan religious settlement and how was it achieved

A

1559Achived through 2 acts of parliament and the issue of royal injunctions

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9
Q

What did the act of supremacy do

A

restored in law the royal supremacy in the church
rejected the papal supremacy
restored reformation legislation from Henry VIII
Elizabeth made supreme governor of the church
Oath of supremacy to be take by the clergy - removed most Marian bishops as they refused

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10
Q

What did the act of supremacy do

A

specified the use of a specific book of common prayer
a modified versions of Cranmer’s second book of common prayer from 1552

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11
Q

How was the second book of common prayer modified

A

the black rubric was removed - this was used in the 1552 prayer book to explain away the practice of kneeling at the administration of eucharist
variations in eucharistic belief were possible
specified that the ornament of the church and ministers should be from the second year of Edward reign

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12
Q

what did the royal injunctions do

A

emphasised suppression of superstition and the need to plant true religion to remove abuse
attack on traditional catholic practices e.g. eucharist administered at a communion table not altar
pilgrimage and candles removed
English bible and paraphrases by Erasmus required

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13
Q

When was the treaty of Cateu-Cambresis

A

1559

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14
Q

What did the treaty of Cateu-Cambresis do

A

Peace treaty between England and France
Calais would remain in French hands for 8 years then return to England id they kept the peace
If France failed to return Calais they would pay England 500,000 crowns

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15
Q

Why were French troops garrisoning in Scotland

A

Henry II dies and is succeeded by Francis II who is married to Mary queen of Scots

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16
Q

why was there internal conflict in Scotland

A

Lords of the congregation were seeking power and a protestant reformation in Scotland and were in conflict with the French troops

17
Q

Why did England intervene in Scotland

A

Lords of the congregation requested English support
William Cecil persuaded Elizabeth to intervene

18
Q

How did England intervene in Scotland

A

Initially just sent money and armaments
December 1559 sent navy to Firth and Forth to stop French troops landing

19
Q

What treaty was made with the lords of the congregation and when was it

A

Treaty of Berwick
February 1560
offered conditional support

20
Q

What happened in Scotland 1560

A

English troops and navy sent to siege Leith where French troops were situated
siege failed but French troops withdrew

21
Q

Why were the English able to gain favourable terms at the treaty of Edinburgh

A

French withdrew from Scotland as Mary of Guise died and French fleets were damaged by a storm

22
Q

How did Scotland become more protestant

A

Lords of the congregation formed a provisional conciliar government
Francis II dies and the guises fell from power so Mary’s influence in France fell and she returned to Scotland
Had to accept the political and religious power of protestants

23
Q

When was there internal conflict in France and between who and why did Elizabeth intervene

A

1562 between Catholics and Protestants
wanted to put pressure on France while it was in a weak state

24
Q

What alliance did Elizabeth make to intervene in France and what did it do

A

Alliance with Huguenot leader the Prince of Conde
Promised 6,000 men and a loan of 30,000 with control of Le Havre as security

25
Q

What happened to the Huguenots in France

A

Army was defeated
Prince of Conde was captured

26
Q

Why did both sides in France unite and what did they do

A

Prince of Conde was captured
Duke of Guise assassinated
Both sides leaderless
United to drive the English out of Le Havre

27
Q

What did the failure in France mean

A

Had to accept unfavourable peace at the Treaty of Troyes in 1564
Lost the return of Calais