Mary I marriage/foreign relations/rebellions

Question 1

Who did Mary marry?

Answer 1

Philip of Spain

Question 2

Who was another candidate for Mary’s husband?

Answer 2

Edward Courtenay. He was English and the Great-Grandson of Edward IV. He had been in prison for most of his life

Question 3

Who wanted Mary to marry Courtenay?

Answer 3

Gardiner

Question 4

Why was it risky to marry an Englishman?

Answer 4

It could give their family too much power in a country with a controversial female ruler.

Question 5

Who proposed the marriage between Philip and Mary + when?

Answer 5

Simon Renard in October 1553

Question 6

Which advisor supported the marriage between Mary and Philip?

Answer 6

William Paget

Question 7

In which year were Philip and Mary married?

Answer 7

1554

Question 8

What were the conditions of the marriage?

Answer 8

Philip held the title of King but had no claim to the throne, any child they had would be heir to England but not Spain. Philip couldn’t take Mary or their child abroad without the permission of the nobility in case he kidnapped the child and rules through them. Mary had to stick to the treaties and help Spain defend the Netherlands if France tried to invade.

Question 9

When was the short truce in the Habsburg-Valois war and how did this end?

Answer 9

1556/57- it ended when Philip attacked new Pope Paul IV. France countered this attack, thus starting the war again and putting pressure on England to intervene

Question 10

How many troops did Phil send to the Netherlands in 1557? How did Mary react to this?

Answer 10

6,000. Mary refused to him out at this point by joining in on the war

Question 11

When did Mary officially declare war on France and what pushed her to do this?

Answer 11

June 1557. She was pushed to do this by Thomas Stafford’s attempted invasion of Scarborough

Question 12

When did England lose Calais and under what circumstance?

Answer 12

Jan 1558- France put a sneak attack on Calais with an army of 27,000 troops. England only had 2,000 troops so Calais was lost within three weeks. Mary raised 7,000 men to take Brest, but this failed.

Question 13

When did Philip call off the H-V war and why?

Answer 13

1558- because he was financially drained and had some success against France

Question 14

Who were the leaders of the Wyatt rebellion?

Answer 14

Sir Peter Carew, Sir Thomas Wyatt, Sir James Croft and the Duke of Sussex

Question 15

What was the plan for the Wyatt rebellion? What did they want to achieve?

Answer 15

Three parts of the rebellion: one from the West Country, one from the Midlands and one from Kent. The French army were supposed to blockade the English channel so Spain couldn’t intervene.
The rebels wanted Elizabeth to marry Edward Courtenay

Question 16

What happened that meant the Wyatt rebellion was doomed before it started?

Answer 16

Imperial Ambassador Simon Renard heard rumours about the plot and blabbed to Bishop Gardiner. Gardiner captured Courtenay, who basically told him everything he knew. The details still remained hidden, but Mary was able to prepare

Question 17

Which of the three uprisings in the Wyatt rebellion were an immediate failure and why?

Answer 17

Midlands and West Country. Local people simply did not rally around the rebellion enough. People were concerned about the possibility of a foreign marriage, but not enough to overthrow Mary

Question 18

When was the Wyatt rebellion?

Answer 18

Early 1554

Question 19

How many people joined Wyatt in Kent?

Answer 19

4,000

Question 20

Which noble was sent to deal with Wyatt in Kent and what happened?

Answer 20

Duke of Norfolk. People deserted him, so he had to retreat back to London

Question 21

How did Wyatt’s rebellion end? How were the rebels punished?

Answer 21

Wyatt reached London and was basically trapped in the narrow alleys. Mary wanted the offenders to be punished harshly, but not everybody agreed. Mary listened to these advisors and decided to get the people on side by being lenient.

Question 22

How many rebels were executed following Wyatt’s rebellion? Any interesting executed people here?

Answer 22

90 rebels were executed, including the Duke of Suffolk and Wyatt. Lady Jane Grey and her husband Guildford Dudley were also executed because Mary didn’t want to risk another rebellion. The Duke of Suffolk was also Lady Jane Grey’s father