Henry VIII foreign policy Flashcards
When was the Battle of Spurs?
1513
Which French towns were claimed during the Battle of Spurs? How long had it been since an English victory over France?
Tournai and Therounne
75 years
Why was the Battle of Spurs not really a victory? Which Battle occurred at the same time?
Because the French didn’t really try.
The Battle of Flodden
Who led the army at the Battle of Flodden, and who was defeated?
Catherine of Aragon and the Earl of Surrey led the army. King James IV of Scotland was defeated
Who was married as part of an Anglo French alliance in 1514?
King Louis XII and Henry’s younger sister Mary. The King died in January 1515
When did Francis I become king of France?
Early 1515
When did Charles V/ later Charles I take over as Spanish King?
1516
Who did Francis I request for Scottish regent in 1517, and what impact did this have on Anglo-Scottish relations?
Duke of Albany. This was not good for Anglo-Scottish relations
What and when was the Treaty of London?
1518- It was a general European peace Treaty established by Wolsey. Over 20 rulers signed it
Why was the Treaty of London significant?
It was a treaty that finally didn’t isolate England in European affairs, and it was Wolsey’s! The French pension was reinstated, too. English historians see this as important, but European historians often forget about it
What and when was the Treaty of Cambrai?
1529- Temporary peace treaty between Spain and France. England were left out.
What did H7’s old government convince H8 to do in 1510 (that was pretty much irrelevant for his plans)? What did this do, though?
Anglo-French peace treaty in 1510. It also renewed the French pension established under Etaples in 1492
What was the Holy League and when did England join it?
1511- it included the HRE and Spain in their attempt to invade France. Also known as the League of Cambrai
What and when was the Navarre Affair?
1512-England was tricked/ exploited by the Holy League. Helped them in return for basically nothing
What and when was the Treaty of Noyon?
1516- Between Francis I and Charles I. Ended the fighting between France and Spain after Francis’ first invasion of Italy
How long did the Treaty of London last?
About 3 years.
What and when was the Field of Cloth of Gold?
June 1520- Just outside Calais. Meeting between H8 and Francis I. It was during the time when both sides of the Habsburg-Valois War were trying to secure England as an ally
What were the pros and cons of the Field of Cloth of Gold?
It cost the equivalent of a year’s revenue.
Wolsey helped to organise it and was spending H8’s money- sign he served himself more than Henry?
It showed that Francis I really wanted England as an ally, but the specially-built castle was better than most English buildings, which highlights France’s superiority
How long after the Treaty of London did Maximilian (HRE) die? Who was elected to replace him?
3 months after the treaty. Charles I of Spain became Charles V and took the title of Holy Roman Emperor
When and what was the Calais Conference?
August 1521- it was supposed to negotiate peace after Charles V invaded Luxembourg in April 1521, but it really bought time before the H-V war officially kicked off
What and when was the Treaty of Bruges?
1521 (three days after Calais Conference)- agreed to declare war on France if Francis could not make peace. Secret until November so Henry could keep taking the French pension. Charles V was now England’s ally
When was war officially declared against France? What happened regarding this war in the first year? (This is not the war with Spurs and not the last war with France)
1522- English were essentially abandoned by their ally. Charles focused on recovering Milan and victory at La Bicocca, which did not involve Henry. English troops made ineffective raids in Picardy
When did the Duke of Bourbon become involved in the French war and what impact did this have?
1523- this guy was a French Duke. There was a possibility of a ‘triple attack’, but Henry was once again let down.. He was used as a distraction to move troops away from Milan.
What and when was the Battle of Pavia?
1525- Francis I faces defeat in Pavia (Northern Italy) . 10,000 French soldiers are killed. Francis is captured.
