Henry VIII foreign policy

Question 1

When was the Battle of Spurs?

Answer 1

1513

Question 2

Which French towns were claimed during the Battle of Spurs? How long had it been since an English victory over France?

Answer 2

Tournai and Therounne
75 years

Question 3

Why was the Battle of Spurs not really a victory? Which Battle occurred at the same time?

Answer 3

Because the French didn’t really try.
The Battle of Flodden

Question 4

Who led the army at the Battle of Flodden, and who was defeated?

Answer 4

Catherine of Aragon and the Earl of Surrey led the army. King James IV of Scotland was defeated

Question 5

Who was married as part of an Anglo French alliance in 1514?

Answer 5

King Louis XII and Henry’s younger sister Mary. The King died in January 1515

Question 6

When did Francis I become king of France?

Answer 6

Early 1515

Question 7

When did Charles V/ later Charles I take over as Spanish King?

Answer 7

1516

Question 8

Who did Francis I request for Scottish regent in 1517, and what impact did this have on Anglo-Scottish relations?

Answer 8

Duke of Albany. This was not good for Anglo-Scottish relations

Question 9

What and when was the Treaty of London?

Answer 9

1518- It was a general European peace Treaty established by Wolsey. Over 20 rulers signed it

Question 10

Why was the Treaty of London significant?

Answer 10

It was a treaty that finally didn’t isolate England in European affairs, and it was Wolsey’s! The French pension was reinstated, too. English historians see this as important, but European historians often forget about it

Question 11

What and when was the Treaty of Cambrai?

Answer 11

1529- Temporary peace treaty between Spain and France. England were left out.

Question 12

What did H7’s old government convince H8 to do in 1510 (that was pretty much irrelevant for his plans)? What did this do, though?

Answer 12

Anglo-French peace treaty in 1510. It also renewed the French pension established under Etaples in 1492

Question 13

What was the Holy League and when did England join it?

Answer 13

1511- it included the HRE and Spain in their attempt to invade France. Also known as the League of Cambrai

Question 14

What and when was the Navarre Affair?

Answer 14

1512-England was tricked/ exploited by the Holy League. Helped them in return for basically nothing

Question 15

What and when was the Treaty of Noyon?

Answer 15

1516- Between Francis I and Charles I. Ended the fighting between France and Spain after Francis’ first invasion of Italy

Question 16

How long did the Treaty of London last?

Answer 16

About 3 years.

Question 17

What and when was the Field of Cloth of Gold?

Answer 17

June 1520- Just outside Calais. Meeting between H8 and Francis I. It was during the time when both sides of the Habsburg-Valois War were trying to secure England as an ally

Question 18

What were the pros and cons of the Field of Cloth of Gold?

Answer 18

It cost the equivalent of a year’s revenue.
Wolsey helped to organise it and was spending H8’s money- sign he served himself more than Henry?
It showed that Francis I really wanted England as an ally, but the specially-built castle was better than most English buildings, which highlights France’s superiority

Question 19

How long after the Treaty of London did Maximilian (HRE) die? Who was elected to replace him?

Answer 19

3 months after the treaty. Charles I of Spain became Charles V and took the title of Holy Roman Emperor

Question 20

When and what was the Calais Conference?

Answer 20

August 1521- it was supposed to negotiate peace after Charles V invaded Luxembourg in April 1521, but it really bought time before the H-V war officially kicked off

Question 21

What and when was the Treaty of Bruges?

Answer 21

1521 (three days after Calais Conference)- agreed to declare war on France if Francis could not make peace. Secret until November so Henry could keep taking the French pension. Charles V was now England’s ally

Question 22

When was war officially declared against France? What happened regarding this war in the first year? (This is not the war with Spurs and not the last war with France)

Answer 22

1522- English were essentially abandoned by their ally. Charles focused on recovering Milan and victory at La Bicocca, which did not involve Henry. English troops made ineffective raids in Picardy

Question 23

When did the Duke of Bourbon become involved in the French war and what impact did this have?

Answer 23

1523- this guy was a French Duke. There was a possibility of a ‘triple attack’, but Henry was once again let down.. He was used as a distraction to move troops away from Milan.

Question 24

What and when was the Battle of Pavia?

Answer 24

1525- Francis I faces defeat in Pavia (Northern Italy) . 10,000 French soldiers are killed. Francis is captured.

Question 25

What happens immediately after Pavia?

Answer 25

H8 tries to persuade Charles V to joint attack France with him so he can become the French King. Amicable Grant supposed to raise money for this but fails. Charles refuses to do the attack and withdraws his marriage proposal with (H8’s daughter) Mary.

Question 26

What and when was the Treaty of the More?

Answer 26

August 1525- Anglo-French peace treaty.

Question 27

What and when was the Treaty of Madrid?

Answer 27

January 1926- Charles I forces this on Francis I. Once he’s released, Francis rejects this and looks to form a coalition against Charles

Question 28

What was the League of Cognac and when was it formed? How was England involved?

Answer 28

May 1526- League against the Holy Roman Empire. England joined as ‘Protector’- unofficial opposition to Charles

Question 29

What and when was the Treaty of Amiens?

Answer 29

1527: Anglo-French agreement to attack Charles

Question 30

What and when was the Sack of Rome?

Answer 30

May 1527- Pope captured by Charles V/I. This was quite annoying because Henry needed the Pope to get his annulment

Question 31

When was war officially declared on Charles V?

Answer 31

1528

Question 32

What and when was the Battle of Landriano?

Answer 32

France defeated by Charles, despite their victory in 1528, when they reached Naples

Question 33

When/why did Wolsey temporarily seize trade with the Netherlands and what impact did this have?

Answer 33

1527- he did did this as a precursor to war and a diplomatic tool to force the Habsburgs to further the annulment policy. A truce had to be made in 1528 because people were super dependent on the Antwerp cloth trade markets

Question 34

What was rough wooing and why did Henry do this?

Answer 34

Henry sort of declared on Scotland throughout the 1540s, with the intention of establishing a marriage alliance between MQS and Edward

Question 35

When was the raid on Solway Moss and what was the result of it?

Answer 35

1542- Henry called this raid on Scotland and was victorious

Question 36

When (1540s) did the H-V war kick off again and who did Henry support this time?

Answer 36

Kicked off in 1541. Henry chose to support Charles again and declared war on France in1543

Question 37

How did Henry’s 1543 onwards war with France go?

Answer 37

He managed to seize Boulogne in 1544, but Northumberland sold it in 1550. This gained him some international recognition and was worth something financially.

Question 38

How much did Henry spend fighting France throughout his reign?

Answer 38

£13 million