Elizabeth I religious settlement Flashcards
What and when was the Act of Supremacy?
1559- Papal supremacy rejected
Liz as Supreme Governor of the Church
Clergy and church officials to take the oath of supremacy (most of Mary’s bishops refused and were removed from office)
Mary’s heresy laws repealed
What and when was the Act of Uniformity?
1559- Introduced Book of Common Prayer based on Northumberland’s 1552 edition
Prayer book modified- he Black Rubric to explain kneeling during the Eucharist was omitted
Allowed ornamentation and vestments
What did the royal injunctions (1559) do?
Discouraged pilgrimages
Parish churches required to purchase English Bible as in 1538
Prospective wives of clergymen had to get the permission of two JPs
Cecil chose strongly Protestant individuals to enforce this
How many of Mary’s bishops refused to take the oath of supremacy?
All but one
When were the 39 Articles passed and what did these do?
The 39 articles were published through a convocation of the church in 1563 an given statutory authority (mandatory) in 1571. They basically defined the doctrine of the Church
When did Elizabeth restore the crucifix and try to restore full Catholic vestments?
1560
When did Elizabeth consider banning clerical marriage? What did she do instead?
1561- she instead compromised and evicted the wives and children of senior clergy from colleges and cathedral closes.
When were the Puritans at their most threatening and why?
1560s/70s- They wanted to eradicate ‘Popish superstition’
They were the ones behind the ‘Vestments/Vestiarian Controversy’, which basically meant that they weren’t impressed with the Catholic nature of the vestments, which were approved with the Act of Uniformity and royal injunctions 1559.
How did Liz deal with the threat from the Puritans?
1566- She sacked Thomas Sampson from his role for not following the rules
In 1566 Archbishop Matthew Parker published the ‘Advertisement’, which required all clergy to follow the rules outlined by the Act of Uniformity
37 London-based clergymen were removed from office following this
What and when were the Lambeth Articles? How did this help with religious opposition?
1595- they added on to the 39 articles published in 1563. They settled a Calvinist debate within the church and appeased the radical Puritans
Who were the Presbyterians?
Their ideas grew out of Calvin’s views on Church organisation and discipline. They emerged out of the vestments controversy
How did the Presbyterians threaten Elizabeth?
John Field issued two pamphlets (Amonitions): the first attacked the book of common prayer and scriptual authority of bishops, and the second outlined a Presbyterian church organisation (no bishops)
A pamphlet war followed between Thomas Cartwright and Archbishop John Whitgift. They were worried that their views would split the church.
Leicester and Burghley saw this as a way to stem Catholicism and defended the clergy who showed sympathy towards the movement
This movement grew in the 1580s
How were the Presbyterians dealt with in the end?
They failed to get parliamentary backing for reorganising the church, and their movement was geographically isolated in the East Midlands and South East anyway
Whitgift forced clergy to adhere to the three articles (accept prayer book, royal supremacy and 39 articles)
Some high profile clergy were forced out (e.g. George Gifford, Burghley’s protege)
Few were willing to deny the three articles, so the movement died out in the late 1580s
Who were the Puritan separatists and when did their movement emerge?
Most mainstream puritans dislike separatists.
This movement emerged in the 1580s
Separatists thought that the church was incapable of reforming itself and removing ‘Popish superstitions’.
They opposed the Queen as Supreme Governor
They wanted independent congregations who followed their own rules
Which Puritan Separatist was forced into exile and when?
Robert Browne was the leader of a significant separatist congregation in Norwich, but he was forced into exile in 1582.
When did the society of Jesus send Jesuit priests? How successful was this?
The society of Jesus sent Jesuit priests in 1580, but these had limited success as they appealed to the rich rather than the masses
How were the Catholics dealt with?
1571- publication of papal bulls became treasonable
1581- It was treason to withdraw allegiance to the Queen or the CofE. Saying mass incurred heavy fines or imprisonment, and not turning up to church would cost you £20 a month
1585- act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests. Treason for priests who entered England upon the Pope’s request
1587- anyone who failed to pay their fines could have 2/3 of their estate seized
How many Catholic priests were executed in 1581 and 1584?
4 in 1581
11 in 1584
What and when was the Act against Seditious Sectaries?
1593- gave the authorities the ability to imprison or even execute Puritan Separatists. The (already minority) movement died out after this
When was the college for Seminary Priests set up in the Spanish Netherlands? What was the plan for this?
In 1568 a college was founded in the Spanish Netherlands to train seminary priests to come to England and make it Catholic again.
How were the Catholics controlled besides the main religious settlement?
Religious ‘mystery plays’ were banned
Recusants were rarely fined, but Catholic iconography was removed in churches.
Some Catholics went into exile
Some priests survived as private chaplains to nobility
