Marxism

Question 1

How does it differ to consensus approaches

Answer 1

Crime not w.c.
Do not accept moral absolutism
State and R.C have power

Question 2

Key concepts of traditional marxism

Answer 2

Capitalism manipulates values
Biased law creation
Selective law enforcement
White collar crime

Question 3

How does capitalism manipulate values

Answer 3

Socialised from childhood accept values
Encouraged be concerned benefits fraud
Capitalist criminogenic

Question 4

What does Davis say to support capitalism manipulating values

Answer 4

Real criminals those who have stolen wealth of the world

Question 5

How does biased law creation lead crime

Answer 5

Althusser: laws part ISA
Maintain and legitimise inequality
Mannheim: history legislation protection private property
Chambliss: heart capitalist economic system is protection private property
Snider: reluctant pass laws threaten profitability

Question 6

Why does Althusser argue biased law creations

Answer 6

Laws part ISA
Maintain and legitimise inequalities
Aim protect interests of capitalists

Question 7

How does Mannheim argue laws biased

Answer 7

History criminal legislation gives excessive prominence to protection private property

Question 8

What does Chambliss argue biased law creation

Answer 8

Heart capitalist economic system is protection private property

Question 9

Why does Snider argue biased law creation

Answer 9

Reluctant pass laws threaten capitalist profitability

Question 10

Evaluation of biased law creations

Answer 10

Many H&S laws do represent genuine concession

Question 11

Counter argument of criticism of biased law creations

Answer 11

‘Wise’ capitalist state has to make concessions to w.c. to appear fair but ultimately representing capitalist views

Question 12

How does selective law enforcement lead to crime

Answer 12

Green crime not enforced
Reinman: powerless criminalised, H&S violations let off
Japan: anti whaling
Chambliss: turn a blind eye

Question 13

What was Reinmans book called

Answer 13

The Rich get Richer, and Poor get Prison

Question 14

What are the disproportionate rates Reinman argues about

Answer 14

Disproportionately high rates prosecutions of burglary and assault

Question 15

Who researches in to white collar crime

Answer 15

Croall

Question 16

What are the 4 types of white collar crime identified by Croall

Answer 16

Crimes against consumers
Crimes against employees
Environmental Crime
Financial Crime

Question 17

Why isnt white collar crime taken seriously

Answer 17

Hidden
Difficult detect
Indirect victimisation
Thin dividing line acceptable and unacceptable

Question 18

What is Reinmans support for white collar crime under detected

Answer 18

Under policed and punished

Banking Crisis 2008: no one prosecuted or punished

Question 19

What is Boxs argument of mystification’s

Answer 19

Capitalist organisations convince public, politicians and media corporate crime less serious and harmful

Question 20

Positive evaluation of traditional marxist

Answer 20

First theorists highlight corporate crime

Still influential: used by Slapper and Tomb

Question 21

Negative evaluation of traditional marxist

Answer 21

Crime hasnt eradicated communist countries: H&S often better capitalist countries
Not all capitalist high rates: Japan
NLR: insufficient attention w.c.
SAT: too deterministic

Question 22

Counterargument for not all capitalist countries having high crime rate

Answer 22

Societies have little or no welfare provision, such as USA, tend to have higher crime rates