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Sociology Crime And Deviance > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is definition globalisation

A

Process whereby events, decisions and activities in 1 part world have significant consequences quite distant parts globe

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2
Q

What is Held and McGrews definition

A

Widening, deepening, and speeding up of worldwide connectedness - barrier between countries disappears

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3
Q

How much globalisation crime going on

A

Castell: 1 trillion per annum
UN 1999: resulted massive growth: dealing illicit drugs, illegal trafficking in weapons/humans, corruption, violent crimes - including terrorism
Offers massive opportunity for new crimes and new ways conducting old crimes.

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4
Q

What does Karofi and Mwanza argue about amount globalisation

A

Offers massive opportunity for new crimes and new ways conducting old crimes.

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5
Q

What does globalisation lead increase in crime

A
  • demand and supply
  • old crimes made easier
  • deregulation
  • cyber crime
  • becks global risk society
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6
Q

Main concepts demand and supply leading more crime

A 
Global 24/7 market
More interconnected 
Demand rich north - taylor
Ideology consumerism 
Legitimate trade increase in illegitimate
Insatiable demand from West
Money global market fuels conflicts 
Relative deprivation
Cheap labour
Demand body parts
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7
Q

How does global 24/7 market lead increased demand and supply

A

enhanced internet and connectivity and interconnected

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8
Q

What does taylor argue about demand and supply

A

Demand rich north supply poor impoverished south. Market has winners and losers
Winners: rich financial investors
Fuels inequality

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9
Q

How does ideology consumerism lead increased demand and supply

A

Spread via media, fuelling the market

Increases feelings relative deprivation

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10
Q

How does legitimate opportunities causing increase illegitimate opportunities link demand and supply

A

More legitimate trade more opp illegitimate
Very small % containers checked
Benefits outweigh risks

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11
Q

How does insatiable demand from West link demand and supply

A

Encourages more production poorer countries

20% Colombian pop gain livelihood from cocaine production

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12
Q

How does money made from global markets causing conflict link demand and supply

A

Between drug gangs

Micha Glenny: 6000 Mexicans lose lives each year due drugs gangs conflict

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13
Q

How does relative deprivation link demand and supply

A

Push factor emigrate to west
Glob risk consciousness border control got tighter
Encourage turn human trafficking
Many illegal immigrants in dept to smugglers leading virtual slavery
Women forced prostitution

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14
Q

How does cheap labour link demand and supply

A

Exploited and encourages legitimate employers break law

Supply cheap labour in East

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15
Q

How does demand of body parts link to demand and supply

A

For transplants
Highly profitable illegal trades
Managed transnational organised criminal networks
Many East willing give up an organ for quick money

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16
Q

How does old crimes made easier link increased globalised crime

A
  • smuggling
  • money laundering
  • gangs glocal/mcmafia
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17
Q

How does smuggling link to old crimes made easier

A

Blood diamonds smuggled war zones money sales fuels rebel conflicts
Stolen from country wealth denied local people
Big interest diamond companies
Export cheaper
Global connections
Illegal since 1977

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18
Q

What is money laundering

A

Making money illegally but making look like came from legitimate sources

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19
Q

How has money laundering made old crimes easier

A

Money illegally looks like legitimate sources
Financial deregulation
Banking secrecy
Modern technology
Money shifted multiple accounts onshore and offshore quickly and easily
Offshore hard to track
Multi jurisdictional risk detection small

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20
Q

What does glocal stand for

A

Local gangs

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21
Q

How does glocal make old crimes easier

A

Local gangers international connections

Internet cheaper travel

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22
Q

What does Hobbs and Dunningham say about glocal and old crimes made easier

A

Provides market local goods
New type global gangs with local ‘hub’
Fluid and willing work and locate anywhere

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23
Q

How does McMafia make old crimes easier

A

Glenny
Transnational organised crime mirrors activities transnational corporations
Like mcdonalds

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24
Q

Who researched in to McMafia

A

Micha Glenny

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25
Q

Example of McMafia making old crimes easier

A

South:

Sicilian mafia disposing of hazardous waste Bay Naples only 10% disposed of legally

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26
Q

Who argues deregulation led increase crime

A

Marxist - Taylor

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27
Q

How has globalisation led increase deregulation

A

Access global market consumers and workers
Political changes encouraged deregulation markets
Loss of rules
Allows multi-national corporations move labour and work sites country to country
Search profitability

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28
Q

What are employers in search of in deregulation

A

Free market

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29
Q

What does free market mean in deregulation

A

Shift production cheaper countries

30
Q

Example of where there is a free market relation deregulation

A

Bangladesh
Lower taxes, wages and more lenient h&s laws
Increasing profit save more money

31
Q

What is the impact of deregulation on local community

A

Outsourcing causes job insecurity
Fear unemployment
Face fewer opportunities
Turn alternate economies - illegitimate

32
Q

What is impact of deregulation on government and social policy

A

Less money from businesses in taxes

Gov cut back spending public services and welfare

33
Q

How does deregulation lead less social cohesion

A

Relative deprivation

Bauman: more individualised o

34
Q

Why does Taylor argue deregulation causes relative deprivation

A

Job insecurity
Individuals without economic satisfaction
Turn crime for these needs
Better opportunities alternate economies

35
Q

What does Winlows study support

A

Deregulation

36
Q

What is winlows study

A

Unemployed men go gym body capital & hegemonic masculinity
Work in nocturnal economy
E.g. Bouncer
Opens increased opportunity involved in crime

37
Q

What is deregulation of financial market

A

Banks less closely monitored
Increase money laundering
Money illegal but looks like from legitimate source
Money shifted multiple accounts
Onshore and offshore
Offshore hard track
Multi jurisdictional - small risk detection

38
Q

Who researches in to financial deregulation

A

Rothe and Friedrichs

2015

39
Q

What do Rothe and Friedrich look in to

A

Financial deregulation
Look role international financial organisations e.g. IMF and world bank
World bank dominated Germany Britain France USA Japan
Over 1/3 voting rights

40
Q

Why is the world bank being dominated by 5 countries an issue

A

Bias

41
Q

What are the 5 dominating countries in world bank

A 
France 
Germany 
Britain
USA
Japan
42
Q

What did Rothe find in 2008 in relation to deregulation

A

Programme imposed Rwanda 80s causes mass unemployment and created economic basis for 1994 genocide

43
Q

What country did Rothe look in to in 2008 as a result deregulation

A

Rwanda

44
Q

Evaluation of deregulation

A

If these factors caused more pressure and opportunities does not explain why only some turn to crime

45
Q

What is key feature of cyber crime

A

Development world wide web and internet communication

Estimated 1/2 worlds population online

46
Q

What does Jewkes argue in relation to cyber crime

A

Internet crime creates opportunities make old crimes easier to commit
Provides tools for new ones

47
Q

Who argued cyber crime creates opportunities make old crimes easier commit and also provide tools for new crimes

A

Jewkes

48
Q

Why is the internet attractive

A

Easier
Quicker
Difficult detect - trace

49
Q

Why does cyber crime make old crimes easier

A

Increased connectivity

Glocal gangs now have international connection quickly and easily

50
Q

How much does Detica say cyber crime costs UK each year

A

27 billion

51
Q

What statistics does the Home Office 2015 present on cyber crime

A

Online crime doubled

  1. 1 million incidences of online fraud
  2. 5 million other cyber crimes
52
Q

How has cyber crime led increase terrorism

A

Via internet

9/11 terrorists used public access computers send messages recruitment and radicalisation

53
Q

Who looked in to a global risk society

A

Beck

54
Q

How does globalisation lead global risk society

A

Creates new insecurities

Produces new mentality of risk consciousness risk seen global

55
Q

What are the insecurities global risk society produces

A

Migrants/Asylum seekers/Terrorists rise anxiety: tighter borders/control/surveillance
Encourage individuals turn human trafficking: illegal immigrants often in dept to smuggles - slavery and women forced prostitution

56
Q

How does green crime lead to globalisation

A 
Cheaper
Global demand 
Easier communicate 
Trafficking 
Global risks
57
Q

How does green crime being cheaper and globalisation link crime

A

Allows more dumping
Cheaper travel
Companies/states send toxic waste disposed of countries costs cheaper h&s more lax
May not be illegal but is it ethical???

58
Q

How does global demand cause more crime

A

Encourages green crime
Deforestation
E.g. Amazon for logging

59
Q

How does trafficking lead more crime relation green crime

A

Endangered species global market wider market potential consumers

60
Q

How does Becks global risks in green crime lead globalisation increase crime

A

Manufactured risks of own doing
Harm environment and consequences humanity
Global warming - greenhouse gas emission from industry
Searching more and more profit take more and more risks
More opportunities for risks

61
Q

What conclusions can be drawn

A
  • Maybe exaggerated: dont know quantity for sure, lots existed before maybe now more aware
  • Most agree it has grown: maybe nothing new just sheer volume
  • Global connectedness can be good: solve crime
62
Q

Example where barriers are falling between countries

A

Soviet union

Collapse Berlin wall

63
Q

What are the different types of trafficking

A
  • arms trafficking
  • trafficking nuclear materials
  • smuggling illegal immigrants
  • trafficking women and children
  • sex tourism
  • trafficking body parts
  • cultural artefacts and work of arts
  • endangered species
  • smuggling legal goods avoid tax
64
Q

How many organs are estimated to be taken from Chinas condemned or executed prison population per year

A

2000

65
Q

How many women are trafficked to western Europe annually

A

1/2 million

66
Q

How much is the drugs trade estimated to be worth

A

$300-400 billion annually

67
Q

How much is toxic waste disposal in America compared to 3rd world countries

A

Rosoff
USA $12,50000 a ton
3rd world $3 a ton

68
Q

Why is drug trade so enticing

A

very low investment and is very lucrative

69
Q

What is the estimated growth in drug gang members in LA as a result deregulation

A

Los Angeles de-regulation has led to growth of up to 10,000 drug gang members

70
Q

Outline an example of a blood diamonds feud

A

Diamonds mined Africa by outlaws sold onto the world market by African Warlords to buy arms for machete wielding rebel groups who slaughtered innocent people during civil wars

71
Q

Why are the McMafia called McMafia

A

Glenny picks up on the idea of McDonalds as a global brand mixed with the Mafia.

72
Q

Why did the rich have to hire mafia members

A

often ex-KGB contacts and criminals to protect their wealth and facilitate their acceptance into Western markets

Sociology Crime And Deviance (13 decks)

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