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Bloc E - GI & Metabolism > Mar1 M1-Diabetes Prevention > Flashcards

Mar1 M1-Diabetes Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

gestational diabetes pathophgy

A

insulin resistance

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2
Q

diabetes prevalence dx vs prevalence overall

A

prevalence dx = 7% pop

prevalence overall = 13%

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3
Q

kids epi of diabetes

A

type 1 most common. type 2 incidence rising

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4
Q

gestational diabetes charact

A
  • higher phgy demand of sugar
  • resolves postpartum
  • strong risk factor for future type 2 DM
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5
Q

prediabetes prevalence

A

third of adults. strong risk factor. type 2 DM predictor

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6
Q

DM values for dx

A

fasting = over 7
2 hr after 75g = over 11.1
AIC over 6.5%

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7
Q

GDM dx

A
  • 75g oral test
  • fasting = over 5.1
  • 1 hour after meal = over 10
  • 2 hr after meal = over 8.5
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8
Q

main complications of diabetes (5)

A
  • retinopathy
  • kidney failure
  • stroke
  • heart disease
  • amputations
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9
Q

GDM management

A

have to treat it

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10
Q

why treat GDM

A

-neonate can have growth problem (macrosomia = large baby). insulin is a growth hormone (remember GDM = insulin resist so higher insulin)

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11
Q

associations of GDM

A
  • postpartum diabetes in mom (**added risk with gestational htn)
  • diabetes in fathers
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12
Q

expensive test for diabetes

A

insulin-glucose ratio in blood (tells for insulin resist) (HOMA-IR test. over 2 = insulin resistance)

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13
Q

most important time in diabetes prevention

A

prediabetes period. is most responsive to change (lifestyle, etc.)

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14
Q

general principles for preventing T2DM, GDM and prediabetes

A

-weight loss
-phys activity
-improved dietary quality
-metformin, acarbose
TO REDUCE INSULIN RESISTANCE

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15
Q

american diabetes prevention program in pts with impaired glucose: they tried to prescribe what

A

7% weight loss
150 minutes activity each week
850 mg metformin twice daily

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16
Q

eating frequency principle

A

1 big meal a day is bad. better to eat more smaller meals (+ eat slowly, low fat, low calories, food guide)

17
Q

best between metformin and lifestyle changes

A

lifestyle changes are better to reduce risk of diabetes (metformin reduce risk too but less)

18
Q

what happens if weight regained, lifestyle change stopped and metformin stopped

A

reduced risk is MAINTAINED for life (metabolic memory)

19
Q

alternative dietary patterns in T2DM patients + effect

A

Mediterranean (olive oil), vegan, pulses (beans, peas, lentils), htn diet: DO NOT lead to weight loss. REDUCE risk of diabetes

20
Q

balanced plate

A

half vegetables, quarter protein, quarter starch

21
Q

canadian diabetes association exercise recommendations

A
  • 150 min per week: aerobic vigorous exercise

- 3 resistance exercise sessions per week

22
Q

walk 2-3 hrs each week reduces type 2 DM risk of how much

A

50%

23
Q

how many steps usually set as goal to stay active

A

10 000 steps or more per day

24
Q

steps program effect on CVD

A

2000 steps a day reduces CV event risk by 10%

25
Q

(imp?) program with steps and follow up effects on diabetes

A

**A1C reduction

26
Q

IFG and IGT meaning

A

IFG = impaired fasting glucose
IGT = impaired glucose tolerance
so IFG = fasting, IGT = after eat

27
Q

recommendations of canadian diabetes association

A

lifestyle: moderate weight loss, physical activity. will reduce risk of type 2 DM with any of A1C 6 to 6.4, IGT or IFG

28
Q

diet note in diabetes prevention

A

don’t go below 900kcal per day. will go back to high calorie diet

29
Q

weight loss goal canadian diabetes association

A

1-2 lbs per week

30
Q

(imp?) 5 populations that need diabetes prevention especially

A
  1. high-risk (Indigenous, african, asian, hispanic, south asian)
  2. those with 1st degree relative with T2DM
  3. history of GDM
  4. history of prediabetes
  5. history of delivery of macrosomic infant
31
Q

other people that need diabetes prevention

A
  • people with associated disease (OSA, HIV, psychiatric, polycystic ovarian syndrome,..)
  • secondary cause of diabetes (glucocorticoids, atypical antipsychotics, …)
32
Q

important diabetes risk factors

A

age, educational level, male gender, BMI

33
Q

Eeyou Istchee region diabetes program results

A

increase of number of steps. no weight loss

Bloc E - GI & Metabolism (58 decks)

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