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Bloc E - GI & Metabolism > Feb5 M3-Anatomy Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Feb5 M3-Anatomy Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

3 muscles near the kidney

A

laterally: transversus abdominus on the outside
posterior: quadratus lomborum
medially: psoas

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2
Q

psoas major origin

A

sides of vertebrae T12 to L5, IV (intervertebral) discs and transverse processes

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3
Q

psoas major insertion

A

lesser trochanter of the femur (protrusion in the back) after it joined the iliacus muscle (iliopsoas)

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4
Q

psoas minor def and insertion

A

thin tendon like white muscle

insertion: sides of vertebrae T12 and L1, IV discs and transv processes

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5
Q

psoas minor insertion

A

superior ramus of the pubic bone

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6
Q

does psoas minor act at the hip joint

A

no bc doesn’t cross it (doesn’t go below the pelvis)

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7
Q

quadratus lomborum origin

A

medial half of 12th rib and transverse processes of L1 to L5

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8
Q

quadratus lomborum insertion

A

iliac crest of the ilium

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9
Q

iliacus origin and insertion

A

iliac fossa and ala of the sacrum

insertion: tendon of psoas muscle

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10
Q

iliacus and psoas form what + function of iliacus

A

iliopsoas muscle. iliacus powerful for lifting the leg

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11
Q

iliac crest, iliac fossa and ala of sacrum location

A

iliac crest = top of ilium
iliac fossa = interior surface of ilium
ala of sacrum = surface of sacrum medial to iliac fossa

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12
Q

superior pubic ramus location

A

(bone) anterior branch of ilium between iliac fossa and pubic symphysis (cartilage)

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13
Q

transversus abdominis location

A

most posterior abd wall muscle. horizontal. starts in the back and extends to the front (muscle part stops at mid clavic line)

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14
Q

attachement of the diaphragm (what supports it)

A

central tendon

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15
Q

where diaphragm fibers come from (origins)

A

sternum at the front
ribs on the side
some from the back too

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16
Q

3 holes in diaphragm are for what

A

IVC, esophagus and aorta (not closed whole, space in the back)

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17
Q

what forms external sphincter of LES

A

right crus of diaphragm

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18
Q

3 ligaments in diaphragm

A

median arcuate l.
medial arcuate l.
lateral arcuate l.

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19
Q

what median arcuate l. does + how many

A

helps close the gap where aorta passes. one median arcuate l.

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20
Q

what medial arcuate l. does + how many

A

there are two. let psoas pass the diaphragm

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21
Q

what lateral arcuate l. does + how many

A

there are two. arch over the quadratus lomborum

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22
Q

function of lateral arcuate l.

A

are connective tissue origins for lumbar fibers of the diaphragm

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23
Q

how right and left phrenic n cross the diaphragm

A

right crosses at IVC

left crosses posteriorly THROUGH the diphragm, by itself

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24
Q

how vagus crosses diaphragm

A

with esophagus (anterior vagal trunk is left vagus. posterior vagal trunk is right vagus)

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25
Q

what is below the lateral arcuate l. (crosses it from above diphragm and behind it, to below diaphragm)

A

subcostal nerve

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26
Q

what runs down the side of the back wall and the column

A

sympathetic trunk

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27
Q

name of 3 apertures of the diaphragm and what forms there

A 
caval foramen (hole in central tendon)
esophageal hiatus (right crus)
aortic hiatus (right and left crura (crura in plural of crus) + median arcuate l.)
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28
Q

what goes through caval foramen

A

IVC, right phrenic n., lymphatics

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29
Q

what goes through esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus, esophageal vessels, vagus nerve, lymphatics

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30
Q

what goes through aortic hiatus

A

aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein

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31
Q

3 man arteries to GI system and what they supply and logic for that

A

celiac trunk until half of duodenum (foregut)

SMA until 2/3 of transverse (midgut) IMA last third of transverse to anus (hindgut)

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32
Q

blood supply to the diaphragm

A

phrenic arteries

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33
Q

blood supply to the adrenals

A

phrenic arteries, aorta, renal arteries

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34
Q

gonadal vessels originate where

A

aorta

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35
Q

lumbar arteries are what

A

origin from aorta, like posterior intercostals but with no ribs anymore

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36
Q

renal veins and renal arteries diff in size

A
  • right renal vein shorter than left

- right and left renal a. same size (aorta central)

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37
Q

most superior drainage in IVC in the abdomen

A

right, middle and left hepatic veins

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38
Q

what drains the diaphragm and drain where

A

phrenic veins. drain into IVC

39
Q

where right and left adrenal veins drain

A
  • left adrenal v drains in left renal v AND IVC

- rigth adrenal v drains in IVC

40
Q

where right and left gonadal veins drain

A
  • left gonadal v drains in left renal v

- right gonadal v drains in IVC

41
Q

what’s found around the celiac trunk

A

celiac ganglion

42
Q

posterior and anterior to left renal vein

A

posterior: aorta
anterior: SMA

43
Q

how to figure out if gonadal vessels (arteries for ex) are male or female (testicular or ovarian vessels)

A

male: run straight bc go to deep inguinal ring + vas deferens coming out of deep inguinal ring too. don’t go in pelvis
female: go to pelvis, near ureter (bc ovaries in pelvis)

44
Q

divisions of the PNS

A

sensory (afferent) (somatic and visceral sensory)

motor (efferent) (somatic or autonomic (SS and PSS))

45
Q

how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral nerves + one other

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal nerve
46
Q

names of plexuses related to spinal nerves

A
  • cervical nerves: cervical plexus superior and brachial plexus inferior
  • lumbar nerves: lumbar plexus
  • sacral nerves: sacral plexus
47
Q

how skin innervation is achieved

A

branchings of intercostal, lumbar and sacral nerves

48
Q

anatomy of 1 spinal nerve near the spine (on one side)

A

dorsal root ganglion and ventral root branch. then join and give off again ventral ramus and dorsal ramus

49
Q

why spinal nerve called a mixed nerve

A

carries both sensory and motor info

50
Q

how sensory information goes to the spine depending if comes from front or back of the body

A

front of body: travels in ventral ramus and then dorsal root ganglion (dorsal root ganglio is SENSORY)
back of body: dorsal ramus and dorsal root ganglion

51
Q

how motor info goes to the body (to front or back of the body)

A

to front: ventral root ganglion (ventral root is motor) and then ventral ramus
to back: ventral root and then dorsal ramus

52
Q

reflex arc def

A

neural circuit that goes through the spine. sensory through dorsal root and then motor ‘‘reflex’’ through ventral root

53
Q

what connects SS chain to the spinal nerve

A

rami communicantes connect SS chain-spinal nerve and SS chain-ventral ramus

54
Q

names of spinal nerves branchings that innervate the skin (specific names for those from ventral ramus)

A

lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch (near the sternum) of the intercostal/lumbar/sacral nerve

55
Q

what section of the PNS do nerves below the thorax belong to and what nerves does this start with

A

T12 + lumbar plexus (L1 to L5). sensory and motor SOMATIC.

56
Q

T12 = what nerve

A

subcostal

57
Q

L1 what nerves

A

iliohypogastric (sup) and ilioinguinal (inf)

58
Q

L1 and L2 form what nerve together (L2 mainly) + its branches

A

gentifemoral (has genital and femoral branches in pelvis)

59
Q

what nerves below genitofemoral nerve do

A

all go to the legs (no pelvis anymore

60
Q

nerve after genitofemoral

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 and L3)

61
Q

nerve after lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3 and L4)

62
Q

nerve after femoral nerve

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3 and L4)

63
Q

nerve after obturator nerve

A

lumbosacal trunk (L4)

64
Q

origin of T12 and L1 to L4 nerves

A
  • T12 from ventral ramus of 12th thoracic nerve

- L1 to L4 from ventrla rami of nerves of the lumbar plexus

65
Q

nerves on quadratus lomborum m.

A

subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric (L1) and ilioinguinal (L1

66
Q

nerves on psoas m.

A

genitofemoral (L1 and L2) and femoral (L2, L3, L4) (lateral side)

67
Q

nerves on iliacus m.

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2,L3) comes between genitofemoral n and femoral n

68
Q

where obturator n passes (L2,L3,L4)

A

medial to the psoas

69
Q

PSS innervation to the gut

A
  • vagus (cranial n X) to all organs except adrenals (comes from esophagus). stops at 2/3 of the transverse colon
  • pelvic splanchnic nerves (ventral rami of S2 to S4) from last third of transverse colon to the rectum
70
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves origin and what they also innervate

A

ventral rami of S2, S3 and S4. also go to bladder, uterus and genitalia

71
Q

SS chain and SS innervation origin and which part is abdominal

A

T1 to L2.
T5 to L2 is abdominal
(T1 to T4 is thorax)

72
Q

SS preganglionic fibers come from where, go where, synapse where

A

spine, white rami communicantes, pass through SS chain BUT DON’T SYNAPSE THERE, synapse in periaortic ganglia

73
Q

how SS innervation from L3 to S3 is achieved

A

nerves from SS chain travel down below the L2 level

74
Q

white vs grey rami communicantes (SS chain)

A

white = motor (efferent)

75
Q

(periaortic) SS ganglia IN THE ABDOMEN (6)

A

celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, superior hypogastric, inferior hypogastric

76
Q

celiac ganglion nerves come from where and what celiac ganglion supplies

A

T5 to T9 formed (thoracic) greater splanchnic n.

celiac supplies liver, GB, stomach, spleen, adrenal medulla (nerves don’t synapse in celiac g), kidney

77
Q

aorticorenal ganglion nerves come from where and what aorticorenal ganglion supplies

A
  • from celiac ganglion.

- aorticorenal g supplies small intestine and bowel

78
Q

superior mesenteric g supplies what + its nerves come from where

A
  • T10 to T12

- supplies small intestine and bowel

79
Q

inferior mesenteric g supplies what + its nerves come from where

A
  • from L1 and L2 (lumbar splanchnic nerves)

- supplies sigmoid

80
Q

superior hypogastric g supplies what + its nerves come from where

A
  • from L3, L4, L5

- supplies rectum

81
Q

inferior hypogastric ganglion supplies what + its nerves come from where

A
  • from S1, S2 and S3

- supplies genitalia, bladder and uterus

82
Q

name of SS nerves from L1 and L2

A

lumbar splanchnic nerves

83
Q

name of SS nerves from L5 to S3

A

sacral splanchnic nerves

84
Q

greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves are in what category

A

thoracic splanchnic nerves

85
Q

name of PSS nerves from S2 to S4

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

86
Q

why adrenal medulla receives preganglionic fibers

A

its cell bodies are similar to ganglion cells. embryo tissue that made postgang nerves also made adrenal medulla

87
Q

nerves travelling in white rami communicantes

A

visceral sensory and motor (SS efferents specifically) (visceral motor is autonomic)

88
Q

how visceral sensory info gets to the brain

A

goes through SS periarotic ganglia then white rami communicantes, ventral ramus, dorsal root (sensory)

89
Q

thoracic duct origin

A

from sac called cisternae chyli

90
Q

lymphatic drainage of the legs

A

all to cisternae chyli and then thoracic duct

91
Q

what upper body lymphatics drain in thoracic duct + where thoracic duct drains

A

left arm and left part of the head (and legs in lower body) to thoracic duct to left subclavian vein

92
Q

how gut lymph nodes and urinary system lymph nodes (kidney, bladder, ureter) drain to thoracic duct

A

follow the gut arteries (celiac, SMA, IMA, etc.) back to aorta where cisternae chyli is

93
Q

rule for gut lymph nodes names

A

same name as artery they follow. node on SMA = superior mesenteric node

94
Q

where right arm, right thorax and right side of the head lymphatics drain

A

right lymphatic duct goes to right internal jugular vein or right subclavian vein

Bloc E - GI & Metabolism (58 decks)

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