Feb14 M2-Dental Caries

Question 1

common example of systemic diseases linked to oral health

Answer 1

diabetes, obesity and caries are linked together by high sugar intake

Question 2

oral manifestation of boulemia

Answer 2

erosion of teeth surface due to vomiting

Question 3

oral manifestation of ulcerative colitis

Answer 3

pustules on oral mucosa (and in rest of gut too but easier to see in the mouth)

Question 4

xerostomia def + in what pop

Answer 4

lack of saliva. frequent in aging population

Question 5

consequences of xerostomia

Answer 5

• drop in QoL
• more prone to oral infection
• more prone to caries lesions

Question 6

most common cause of xerostomia + other causes

Answer 6

medication (asthma puffers for ex). other: chemo, radiation therapy, Shogern’s syndrome (affects sudation and salivary glands)

Question 7

crystal meth effect on the mouth and why

Answer 7

teeth lesions bc causes xerostomia + has corrosive agents

Question 8

HIV patients first thing seen (in the mouth)

Answer 8

hairy leukoplakia

Question 9

HIV oral manifestations

Answer 9

• hairy leukoplakia

- oropharyngeal candidiasis (on angle of lips = angular cheilitis, top of tongue which is the dorsal tongue, on palate)

Question 10

oral manifestation of severe immunosuppression + what happens

Answer 10

necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. rapid loss of bone around teeth: painful, teeth are mobile, smells bad

Question 11

what’s the cause of the drop in dental decay incidence over the past decades

Answer 11

presence of fluoride in toothpaste and water

Question 12

main risk factor for caries lesions

Answer 12

poverty (and lack of education)

Question 13

3 age groups where prevalence of untreated caries peaks and where they have the worst burden

Answer 13

6, 25, 70

Question 14

why real teeth not necessarily the best thing for elderly

Answer 14

if can’t clean them bc frail and limited in movements, dentures are better

Question 15

dental caries disease process vs dental caries lesions

Answer 15

• disease process = happening all the time to all teeth of everyone. can be controlled but not prevented
• lesions = result of the disease process

Question 16

chemical basis for caries disease process

Answer 16

bacteria metabolize fermentable sugars and produce acid INTO the dental plaque

Question 17

how plaque pH (plaque is not a good thing) and amount of enamel (the good thing) change with time and why

Answer 17

-pH varies (up and down)
-enamel demineralization and remineralization all the time
don’t eat = higher pH and remineralization

Question 18

pathological factors in caries disease process

Answer 18

• acid producing bacteria
• fermentable carbs (in the food)
• insufficient saliva flow

Question 19

protective factors in caries disease process

Answer 19

• fluoride
• saliva flow and buffering capacity
• regular removal of dental plaque

Question 20

steps before get cavitated lesions

Answer 20

• caries disease process
• caries lesions
• non-cavitated lesions
• cavitated lesions

Question 21

TF dental caries = cavity in the tooth

Answer 21

false. can have caries lesions without cavities

Question 22

2 reasons to catch caries lesions as early as possible

Answer 22

1. easier to arrest

2. prevents restoration (that’s a procedure) of a tooth which is a bad thing to have bc many complications

Question 23

visible part of the tooth and its 2 portions

Answer 23

crown. outside = enamel. layer inside that is dentin

Question 24

vital part of the tooth name + content

Answer 24

pulp. has nerves, blood vessels, cells, etc.

Question 25

when do caries start to hurt

Answer 25

when reach the dentin (got through the enamel)

Question 26

dentin components and why a single caries lesion only has to get there to cause pain

Answer 26

made of tubuli so sugar there goes to nerves in the pulp and it’s sensed

Question 27

4 clinical indicators of caries lesions

Answer 27

• lesion colour
• lesion shape
• lesion location and presence of dental plaque
• tooth surface integrity

Question 28

where caries develop and why

Answer 28

where plaque can stagnate for a long period of time so gum lines, pits, fissures

Question 29

plaque shape when it stagnates

Answer 29

banana or arch shape. not circle or line

Question 30

trick for checking if someone has plaque + test equivalent to that

Answer 30

-check if have red gum
red gum = plaque
-test = apply tooth biofilm

Question 31

3 possible colours of dental caries lesions

Answer 31

• white opaque
• yellow or brownish
• dark brown or black

Question 32

white spot lesions charact

Answer 32

-enamel with porosities, lost its translucency (glass appearance), looks matte and rough

Question 33

2 causes for yellow or brownish caries lesion

Answer 33

1. if on enamel, food pigment

2. if lesion reached dentin, normal colour bc dentin is naturally darker

Question 34

black dental caries prognosis

Answer 34

best prognosis. are easy to arrest

Question 35

explanation for caries lesion in area that is not a plaque stagnation area

Answer 35

caries lesion was there when the tooth was erupting (at some point, this was a plaque stagnation area)

Question 36

tooth surface integrity indicates what

Answer 36

stage of dental caries lesions

Question 37

5 stages of dental caries lesions

Answer 37

• sublinical initial lesions
• D1: enamel non-cavitated lesions
• D2: enamel cavitated lesions
• D3: dentinal lesions
• D4: pulp lesions

Question 38

first sign of caries lesions

Answer 38

white spots

Question 39

charact of an active dental caries lesions

Answer 39

• region of plaque stagnation
• loss of lustre
• rough, or soft on gentle probing
• whitish yellowish enamel

Question 40

charact of arrested dental caries lesions + treatment

Answer 40

-located at some distance from gingiva
-no dental plaque
-smooth (not rough) and hard (not soft)
-shiny
-brown-dark or brown-white colour
NO need to treat

Question 41

early childhood caries def

Answer 41

one or more decayed (cavit or non cavit lesions), missing or filled lesion on tooth surface

Question 42

which population severely affected by early childhood caries

Answer 42

aboriginal children

Question 43

nursing bottle caries

Answer 43

caries bc child would keep bottle of milk in their mouth while sleeping

Question 44

main things to tell parents to avoid early childhood caries

Answer 44

• start brushing as soon as 1st tooth appears
• sweet snacks between meals
• FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE
• brush twice a day

Question 45

how fluoride helps teeth

Answer 45

important for remineralization

Question 46

where caries lesions develop if don’t pass the floss + shape

Answer 46

between teeth, below point of contact. are kidney shaped lesions

Question 47

when do you not need to pass the dental floss

Answer 47

when teeth don’t touch