Feb14 M2-Dental Caries Flashcards
common example of systemic diseases linked to oral health
diabetes, obesity and caries are linked together by high sugar intake
oral manifestation of boulemia
erosion of teeth surface due to vomiting
oral manifestation of ulcerative colitis
pustules on oral mucosa (and in rest of gut too but easier to see in the mouth)
xerostomia def + in what pop
lack of saliva. frequent in aging population
consequences of xerostomia
- drop in QoL
- more prone to oral infection
- more prone to caries lesions
most common cause of xerostomia + other causes
medication (asthma puffers for ex). other: chemo, radiation therapy, Shogern’s syndrome (affects sudation and salivary glands)
crystal meth effect on the mouth and why
teeth lesions bc causes xerostomia + has corrosive agents
HIV patients first thing seen (in the mouth)
hairy leukoplakia
HIV oral manifestations
- hairy leukoplakia
- oropharyngeal candidiasis (on angle of lips = angular cheilitis, top of tongue which is the dorsal tongue, on palate)
oral manifestation of severe immunosuppression + what happens
necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. rapid loss of bone around teeth: painful, teeth are mobile, smells bad
what’s the cause of the drop in dental decay incidence over the past decades
presence of fluoride in toothpaste and water
main risk factor for caries lesions
poverty (and lack of education)
3 age groups where prevalence of untreated caries peaks and where they have the worst burden
6, 25, 70
why real teeth not necessarily the best thing for elderly
if can’t clean them bc frail and limited in movements, dentures are better
dental caries disease process vs dental caries lesions
- disease process = happening all the time to all teeth of everyone. can be controlled but not prevented
- lesions = result of the disease process
chemical basis for caries disease process
bacteria metabolize fermentable sugars and produce acid INTO the dental plaque
how plaque pH (plaque is not a good thing) and amount of enamel (the good thing) change with time and why
-pH varies (up and down)
-enamel demineralization and remineralization all the time
don’t eat = higher pH and remineralization
pathological factors in caries disease process
- acid producing bacteria
- fermentable carbs (in the food)
- insufficient saliva flow
protective factors in caries disease process
- fluoride
- saliva flow and buffering capacity
- regular removal of dental plaque
steps before get cavitated lesions
- caries disease process
- caries lesions
- non-cavitated lesions
- cavitated lesions
TF dental caries = cavity in the tooth
false. can have caries lesions without cavities
2 reasons to catch caries lesions as early as possible
- easier to arrest
2. prevents restoration (that’s a procedure) of a tooth which is a bad thing to have bc many complications
visible part of the tooth and its 2 portions
crown. outside = enamel. layer inside that is dentin
vital part of the tooth name + content
pulp. has nerves, blood vessels, cells, etc.
when do caries start to hurt
when reach the dentin (got through the enamel)
dentin components and why a single caries lesion only has to get there to cause pain
made of tubuli so sugar there goes to nerves in the pulp and it’s sensed
4 clinical indicators of caries lesions
- lesion colour
- lesion shape
- lesion location and presence of dental plaque
- tooth surface integrity
where caries develop and why
where plaque can stagnate for a long period of time so gum lines, pits, fissures
plaque shape when it stagnates
banana or arch shape. not circle or line
trick for checking if someone has plaque + test equivalent to that
-check if have red gum
red gum = plaque
-test = apply tooth biofilm
3 possible colours of dental caries lesions
- white opaque
- yellow or brownish
- dark brown or black
white spot lesions charact
-enamel with porosities, lost its translucency (glass appearance), looks matte and rough
2 causes for yellow or brownish caries lesion
- if on enamel, food pigment
2. if lesion reached dentin, normal colour bc dentin is naturally darker
black dental caries prognosis
best prognosis. are easy to arrest
explanation for caries lesion in area that is not a plaque stagnation area
caries lesion was there when the tooth was erupting (at some point, this was a plaque stagnation area)
tooth surface integrity indicates what
stage of dental caries lesions
5 stages of dental caries lesions
- sublinical initial lesions
- D1: enamel non-cavitated lesions
- D2: enamel cavitated lesions
- D3: dentinal lesions
- D4: pulp lesions
first sign of caries lesions
white spots
charact of an active dental caries lesions
- region of plaque stagnation
- loss of lustre
- rough, or soft on gentle probing
- whitish yellowish enamel
charact of arrested dental caries lesions + treatment
-located at some distance from gingiva
-no dental plaque
-smooth (not rough) and hard (not soft)
-shiny
-brown-dark or brown-white colour
NO need to treat
early childhood caries def
one or more decayed (cavit or non cavit lesions), missing or filled lesion on tooth surface
which population severely affected by early childhood caries
aboriginal children
nursing bottle caries
caries bc child would keep bottle of milk in their mouth while sleeping
main things to tell parents to avoid early childhood caries
- start brushing as soon as 1st tooth appears
- sweet snacks between meals
- FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE
- brush twice a day
how fluoride helps teeth
important for remineralization
where caries lesions develop if don’t pass the floss + shape
between teeth, below point of contact. are kidney shaped lesions
when do you not need to pass the dental floss
when teeth don’t touch
