Feb23 M2-Liver Pathology Flashcards
3 path charact of cirrhosis
- Diffuse liver involvement
- Fibrous septation
- Nodular regeneration
microvesicular steatosis: important association
acute liver failure (potentially life-threatening)
steatohepatitis: specific charact important to remember
ballooned cells, Mallory-Denk bodies (and have fibrosis, etc.)
important autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) charact on histology
plasma cells
diagnostic test for primary biliary cholangitis + def of this disease
AMA (positive). (anti-mt Ab). PBC=autoimmune attack on intrahepatic bile ducts
disease linked with primary sclerosing cholangitis + def of PSC
UC (ulcerative colitis). PSC = fibrosis and inflamm of bile ducts intra and extra hepatic
PBC and PSC increased risk for what
cholangiocarcinoma (very bad cancer)
microvesicular steatosis pathogenesis + features
patho: pregnancy, reye syndrome (child taking too much ASA), drugs
features: uncommon, fulminant failure
steatohepatitis patho and features
patho: macrovesicular steatosis, ballooned cells, Mallory Denk bodies
features: ETOH or NASH (metab syndrome)
autoimmune hepatitis patho and features
patho: plasma cells
features: ANA and SMA +, more in females, rx=steroids
most common autoimmune hepatitis and its charact
type 1. high ANA and SMA, give steroids, more in women
PBC (primary biliary cholangitis) patho and features (including rx)
patho: florid duct lesion (granuloma) on intrahepatic ducts
features: AMA +, more in females, pruritus (itchiness), osteporosis, rx = urso
primary sclerosing cholangitis patho and features (including how to dx)
patho: onion-skin fibrosis (periductal fibrosis) (intra and extra hep ducts)
features: more in males, assoc with UC, dx by ERCP, risk of cholangioCA, pruritus and osteoporosis
2 things in common in PSC and PBC
pruritus (itchiness) and osteoporosis
NASH vs simple steatosis
simple steatosis = no inflamm and no balloon cells. macrovesicular steatosis alone
PSC important charact on patho to diff from PBC
PSC has no granulomas
hereditary hemochromatosis def + most common gene in adults
recessive disorders of excessive Fe abso.
HFE gene most common in adults
HFE gene hemochromatosis: specific mutation
C282Y (cysteine to tyrosine)
HFE gene hemochromatosis symptoms (4), specific sentence to remember it
bronzed diabetic with cirrhosis and CMP
hereditary hemochromatosis = increased risk of what
200x higher risk of HCC (hepatocellular CA)
Wilson’s disease pathophgy
recessive mutation in a gene for copper excretion in bile. copper excess in body: liver toxicity (+ brain, etc.)
Budd-Chiari syndrome def + main association
thrombosis of major hepatic veins (outflow obstruction)
**risk factor is a myeloproliferative disease, especially PRV (polycythemia rubra vera)
number 1 cause of fulminant hepatic failure + def of that
acetaminophen overdose. means liver failure within 2 wks of onset of symptoms
hereditary hemochromatosis pathogenesis + features (including treatment)
patho: Fe in hepatocytes, C282Y mutation
features: bronzed diabetic cirrhosis CMP, HCC risk, phlebotomize (drain blood)
