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Bloc E - GI & Metabolism > Feb13 M1-Histo 1 > Flashcards

Feb13 M1-Histo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 histo layers in GI tract

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • tunica muscularis
  • adventitia (esophagus) or serosa (visceral peritoneum)
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2
Q

3 layers of mucosa

A
  1. nonker squamous stratified epith
  2. BM
  3. lamina propria
  4. muscularis mucosa
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3
Q

cells shapes in squamous stratif epith

A

bottom: columnar
middle: polygonal
top: squamous

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4
Q

LP contents (in esophagus)

A

loose CT (lot of cells), mucous glands in upper and lower third of esophagus called cardiac esophageal glands

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5
Q

muscularis mucosa def

A

SM cells running along GI tube axis.

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6
Q

submucosa contents in esophagus

A

loose and dense CT mixture + esophageal glands proper: mucous glands giving mucous coat to esophagus for lubricatio. gland opens with duct at lumen

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7
Q

tunica muscularis 2 layers in esophagus

A
  • inner circular running along circumference

- external longitudinal running along GI tube axis

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8
Q

adventitia in esophagus def + fct

A

dense irregular CT. connects esophagus to other organs of the mediastinum

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9
Q

2 nerve plexuses and location in the GI tube

A

Meissner’s plexus: in submucosa

Auerbach’s plexus: between inner circular and external longitudinal

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10
Q

Meissner’s plexus fct

A

(submucosa) PSS innervation to secretory glands

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11
Q

Auerbach’s plexus fct

A

(between inner circular and outer long) SS and PSS fibers to SM cells

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12
Q

Auerbach’s plexus contents

A

ganglion cells and unmyelinated nerves

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13
Q

Meissner’s plexus contents

A

ganglion cells and nerves

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14
Q

missing histo layer in upper esophagus

A

muscularis mucosa of the mucosa (present only below upper esophagus)

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15
Q

glands along the esophagus

A

upper: cardiac esophageal glands (LP)
middle: esophageal glands proper (submucosa) (prof says mixed with cardiac esophageal glands)
lower: cardiac esophageal glands (LP)

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16
Q

tunica muscularis content in esophagus

A

upper: skeletal muscle continuous with pharynx
middle: combination of SKM and SM
lower: SM (inner circular and outer longit)

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17
Q

name of the line between stomach and esophagus and clinical importance

A

gastroesophageal junction or Z-line

GERD: heartburn

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18
Q

what forms the LES (internal and external)

A

internal: thickening of the inner circular of the tunica muscularis (esophagus)
external: diaphragm

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19
Q

3 fcts of stomach

A
  • HCl (ph 2)
  • IF for B12 abso
  • gastrin and sts
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20
Q

characteristic of gastric mucosa

A

rugae (folds of the mucosa)

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21
Q

2 portions of the gastric mucosa

A

folds (rugae) and pits (slits between the rugae. are opening of glands)

22
Q

cells and epith charact in the gastric mucosa

A

SIMPLE columnar epithelium: surface mucous cells (rugae and pits. pits = openings of glands) and secretory mucous cells (for glands extending within the LP)

23
Q

charact of the muscularis mucosa in the stomach

A

instead of 1 longitudinal layer, has inner circular and outer longitudinal

24
Q

charact of submucosa in stomach

A

Meissner’s plexus (PSS for glands)

25
Q

charact of tunica muscularis in stomach

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longit
(Auerbach’s plexus between middle and outer)

26
Q

serosa in stomach

A

visceral perit made of CT + layer of mesothelial cells (epith like but derived from mesothelium)

27
Q

cardia vs pylorus

A

cardia: pit to gland length is 1:1
pylorus: pit to gland length is 2:1

28
Q

cardia and pylorus: different mucous cells

A

surface mucous cells (surface and pit)

secretory mucous cells (glands)

29
Q

fundus and body pit to gland length ratio

A

1:3 (glands very long)

cardia is 1:1 and pylorus is 2:1 (pit longer)

30
Q

diff between glands in cardia/pylorus and fundus/body

A

fundus and body glands can’t branch and are straight

31
Q

ONLY thing mucosa of fundus/body has in common with mucosa in cardia/pylorus

A

both have pits that have surface mucous cells

32
Q

layer between pit and gland in fundus and body + fct

A

isthmus. has stem cells (mitosis). make all the cells in the epithelium

33
Q

other cell type in isthmus + why are diagnostic

A

parietal cells. also in the gland but not in pit. so parietal cell = isthmus and gland

34
Q

2 portions of the glands in body and fundus + their cell types

A

neck: mucous neck cells
base: parietal cells (oxyntic cells), zymogenic (chief) cells, endocrine cells

35
Q

mucous neck cell charact

A

columnar, pale, granular, foamy cytoplasm, produce mucin

36
Q

zymogenic (chief) cells charact

A

very basophilic

37
Q

parietal (oxyntic) cells charact

A

big, acidophilic, canaliculi

38
Q

surface mucous cells charact (EM)

A
  • microvilli
  • lot of mts
  • granules on apical side with neutral mucin + bicarb
39
Q

mucous neck cells charact (EM)

A
  • narrower apical side. wide base.

- acidic mucin that protects gland neck from enzymes of the base

40
Q

isthmus stem cells: how to diff from mucous neck cells

A

stem cells = no granules

mucous neck cells = granules

41
Q

zymogenic (chief) cells charact (EM)

A
  • granules that secrete zymogens (proenzymes) and enzymes: pepsinogen, lipases, rennin
  • tight junctions for enzymes not to go between cells
42
Q

rennin of zymogenic (chief) cells fct

A

enzyme that coagulates milk. important for digestion of milk in babies by pepsin and lipases

43
Q

enteroendocrine cells (argentaffin cells) charact (EM)

A

wider base. base is where stuff is secreted (inversed polarity): secretes granules towards LP

44
Q

hormones from enteroendocrine cells + 2 important

A

*gastrin (stim HCl from parital cells)
*Sts (inhibits HCl by parietal cells)
histamine
VIP
glucagon
serotonin

45
Q

parietal (oxyntic) cells charact (EM)

A

isthmus to base. large cytoplasm. 2 canaliculi. lot of microvilli, lot of mts

46
Q

parietal cells chemical processes happening

A
  • takes Cl- from base and puts it out in lumen (Cl-bicarb exchanger)
  • makes H+ from CA and puts it in lumen in exchange for K+ (bicarb made from CA taken out by Cl-bicarb exchanger)
47
Q

what drives the energy necessary for parietal cell secretions + summary of transporters

A

NaK ATPase on basal surface

base: NaK ATPase + Cl-bicarb exchanger
surface: H-K exchanger

48
Q

parietal cells other important secretion + clinical significance

A

make intrinsic factor for B12 abso. autoimmune disease where parietal cells destroyed = atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia

49
Q

how to see surface (pit) cells on histo

A

(surface mucous cells) simple columnar, tall and nuclei at base

50
Q

how to see parietal cells on histo (isthmus and gland)

A

acidophilic cytoplasm, centeal nucleus

51
Q

stomach submucosa

A

dense irregular CT, Meissner’s plexus

52
Q

name of tumors of enteroendocrine cells

A

carcinoid tumors

Bloc E - GI & Metabolism (58 decks)

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