Jan30 M3-Anatomy Lecture 2 Flashcards
transpyloric plane def
(landmark) horizontal plane through bottom of the stomach
subcostal plane def
(landmark) horizontal plane through lower border of 10th costal cartilage
transumbilical plane def
(landmark) horizontal plane through the umbilicus
intertubercular plane def
(landmark) horizontal plane through the iliac tubercles
interspinous plane def
(landmark) horizontal plane through the ASIS (anterior spinous iliac spine)
midclavicular line line def + other name
(landmark), also midinguinal line. vertical line on left and right through middle of clavicle and inguinal ligament
sacral promontory def
(*between colum and sacrum) most anterior point of the spine in the pelvis before it curves to the back (below last big cartilage)
right abdominal regions and contents
- right hypochondriac region (liver and hepatic flexure)
- right lumbar region (ascending colon)
- right iliac (inguinal) region (cecum)
middle abdominal regions and contents
- epigastric region (pylorus/stomach)
- umbilical region (jejunum)
- hypogastric region (rectum, bladder)
left abdominal regions and contents
- left hypochondriac region (spleen and splenic flexure)
- left lumbar region (descending colon)
- left iliac (inguinal) region (sigmoid colon)
greater omentum def and part seen below abdominal muscles/fascia
structure hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach (has many parts). at front, omental apron
peritoneal cavity def + something it does
potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum. secretes 50 ml fluid every day (lubricant + anti-inflamm.)
link between parietal and visceral peritoneum and what is visceral peritoneum
are continuous. visceral = surrounding the GI tract/tube (intestines, etc.)
mesentery def
2 peritoneal sheaths (same one but surrounded organ) sticking together between organ and parietal peritoneum
are abdominal organs inside the peritoneal cavity? how attached to body wall
no bc surrounded by visceral peritoneum. attached to body wall (parietal peritoneum) by mesentery and ligaments
retroperitoneal organ definition
organ that only has peritoneum on its anterior side
primarily retroperitoneal organs
adrenal glands, kidneys, ureter, bladder, aorta, IVC
secondarily retroperitoneal organs
head and neck of pancreas (not the tail), 2nd and 3rd portion of duodenum (not 1st and 4th), ascending and descending colon (but not transverse or sigmoid)
secondarily retroperitoneal organ def
once suspended in abd cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to peritoneum in embryogenesis
lesser omentum fcts (2)
- stabilizes the stomach
- access route for blood vessels and structures to/away from the liver
greater omentum location
hangs like an apron from lateral and inferior borders of the stomach
mesentery proper fct
thick mesenterial sheet that provides stability to the SI but permits some indep mvmt
transverse mesocolon def
mesentery that supports the transverse colon, extending from pancreas on the posterior wall of the transverse colon
sigmoid mesocolon def
mesentery supporting the sigmoid colon
bare area of the liver
small portion of the liver (back of liver) where peritoneum doesn’t reach (on both sides, parietal peritoneum reflects and becomes visceral)
mesentery proper (root of mesentery) def + what can happen between parts of intestine
supsensory ligament of jejunum and ileum.
2 loops of intestine that are can be stuck together OR one loop can have its 2 parts stuck together
mesentery proper (root of mesentery): why important
important for blood supply because aorta gives off a branch there
paraduodenal (retroduodenal) fossa (recess) def
hole in peritoneum between paraduodenal fold (fold of peritoneum on top of that) and duodeno-jejunal junction (flexure)
what is found near paraduodenol fossa
artery and vein running ……………………………………..
paracolic gutters (recesses) names and location
right and left paracolic gutters (gutter formed on exterior side of ascending and descending colons by depression of peritoneum)
opposite to paracolic gutters (recesses), what’s on interior side of ascending and descending colon
right and left infracolic spaces
right paracolic gutter runs from where to where
from superolateral aspect of hepatic flexure of the colon (ascending to transverse), down lateral aspect of ascending colon and around the cecum
right paracolic gutter is continuous with ___ because _____
with peritoneum bc descends into pelvis over pelvic brim
why is right paracolic gutter continuous with peritoneum on the top
continuous with peritoneum lining the hepatorenal pouch and the lesser sac (through epiploic foramen)
clinical significance of paracolic gutter in supine patient
infected fluid from iliac fossa can ascend in gutter and enter the lesser sac
clinical significance of paracolic gutter in sitting position
fluid from stomach, duodenum or gallbladder may run down the gutter and collect in right iliac fossa or pelvis (can mimic acute appendicits or form pelvic abcess)
lesser sac def
peritoneal cavity** formed by lesser omentum and that is behind stomach, in front of pancreas and above TC (transverse colon)
greater sac def
peritoneal cavity formed by the greater omentum and peritoneum, excluding lesser sac
link between lesser and greater sac
epiploic foramen (hole between the two, in lesser omentum). connects them and is between liver (on top) and stomach (below)
gastrocolic ligament def
portion of greater omentum that stretches from greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
gastrocolic ligament contributes to what structure
is part of anterior wall of lesser sac
two parts of the lesser omentum
hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
HG ligament location
connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (top)
greater vs lesser curvature of stomach
greater on bottom of stomach
lesser curvature on top
greater vs lesser omentum location
greater = starts bottom of stomach and goes below
lesser omentum = between liver and stomach
hepatoduodenal ligament def
connects the liver to the duodenum
HD ligament location compared to HG ligament and how they differ
HD ligament to the right of HG ligament (duodenum exits on right of stomach)
HD ligament is thicker
HD ligament contents
portal triad: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
greater omentum: how many layers of peritoneum and why
4 layers of peritoneum because 2 folds on each other (perioneum reflects twice)
what is immediately anterior and posterior to epiploic foramen
posterior: IVC
anterior: portal triad
lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament content + location
splenic vessels. is at tail of pancreas (between pancreas tail and spleen)
gastrosplenic ligament content and location
between stomach and spleen (at left border of lesser sac)
contains: short gastric vessels + left gastroepiploic vessels
name of 2 rings formed by peritoneum as it reflects on both side of bare area
coronary ligament
falciform ligament and ligamentum teres hepatis location
between the two lobes of the liver. lig teres attaches to falciform (is below liver) and to umbilicus
ligamentum teres is remnant of what
umbilical vein of the fetus
bare area location in the liver + how many coronary ligaments and location
posterior. one on middle top one on middle bottom one on bottom right one on bottom left
IVC in relation to liver and hepatic veins (+ how many hepatic veins)
liver sitting on top of IVC, 3 hepatic veins inside liver and immediately drain in IVC as they leave it
3 umbilical folds or ligaments visible when looking from inside abdomen to anterior abd wall
lateral umbilical fold
medial umbilical ligament
median umbilical ligament
lateral umbilical fold number, location and ‘‘content’’ (relates to what)
(2) least medial, oblique.
has inferior epigastric vessels underneath
medial umbilical fold number, location and relates to what
(2) oblique, almost medial
is from obliterated umbilical artery (which comes from internal iliac a.)
median umbilical number, location and relates to what
- is in the middle and is verticle
it was the urachus, a fibrous remnant of the allantois (canal that drained bladder to umbilical cord in fetus)
3 ligaments (lateral, medial, median) go where and why
all linked to umbilicus because related to the mother in the fetus
vas deferens function
tube bringing sperm into prostatic urethra
