Jan30 M3-Anatomy Lecture 2

Question 1

transpyloric plane def

Answer 1

(landmark) horizontal plane through bottom of the stomach

Question 2

subcostal plane def

Answer 2

(landmark) horizontal plane through lower border of 10th costal cartilage

Question 3

transumbilical plane def

Answer 3

(landmark) horizontal plane through the umbilicus

Question 4

intertubercular plane def

Answer 4

(landmark) horizontal plane through the iliac tubercles

Question 5

interspinous plane def

Answer 5

(landmark) horizontal plane through the ASIS (anterior spinous iliac spine)

Question 6

midclavicular line line def + other name

Answer 6

(landmark), also midinguinal line. vertical line on left and right through middle of clavicle and inguinal ligament

Question 7

sacral promontory def

Answer 7

(*between colum and sacrum) most anterior point of the spine in the pelvis before it curves to the back (below last big cartilage)

Question 8

right abdominal regions and contents

Answer 8

• right hypochondriac region (liver and hepatic flexure)
• right lumbar region (ascending colon)
• right iliac (inguinal) region (cecum)

Question 9

middle abdominal regions and contents

Answer 9

• epigastric region (pylorus/stomach)
• umbilical region (jejunum)
• hypogastric region (rectum, bladder)

Question 10

left abdominal regions and contents

Answer 10

• left hypochondriac region (spleen and splenic flexure)
• left lumbar region (descending colon)
• left iliac (inguinal) region (sigmoid colon)

Question 11

greater omentum def and part seen below abdominal muscles/fascia

Answer 11

structure hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach (has many parts). at front, omental apron

Question 12

peritoneal cavity def + something it does

Answer 12

potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum. secretes 50 ml fluid every day (lubricant + anti-inflamm.)

Question 13

link between parietal and visceral peritoneum and what is visceral peritoneum

Answer 13

are continuous. visceral = surrounding the GI tract/tube (intestines, etc.)

Question 14

mesentery def

Answer 14

2 peritoneal sheaths (same one but surrounded organ) sticking together between organ and parietal peritoneum

Question 15

are abdominal organs inside the peritoneal cavity? how attached to body wall

Answer 15

no bc surrounded by visceral peritoneum. attached to body wall (parietal peritoneum) by mesentery and ligaments

Question 16

retroperitoneal organ definition

Answer 16

organ that only has peritoneum on its anterior side

Question 17

primarily retroperitoneal organs

Answer 17

adrenal glands, kidneys, ureter, bladder, aorta, IVC

Question 18

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

Answer 18

head and neck of pancreas (not the tail), 2nd and 3rd portion of duodenum (not 1st and 4th), ascending and descending colon (but not transverse or sigmoid)

Question 19

secondarily retroperitoneal organ def

Answer 19

once suspended in abd cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to peritoneum in embryogenesis

Question 20

lesser omentum fcts (2)

Answer 20

• stabilizes the stomach

- access route for blood vessels and structures to/away from the liver

Question 21

greater omentum location

Answer 21

hangs like an apron from lateral and inferior borders of the stomach

Question 22

mesentery proper fct

Answer 22

thick mesenterial sheet that provides stability to the SI but permits some indep mvmt

Question 23

transverse mesocolon def

Answer 23

mesentery that supports the transverse colon, extending from pancreas on the posterior wall of the transverse colon

Question 24

sigmoid mesocolon def

Answer 24

mesentery supporting the sigmoid colon

Question 25

bare area of the liver

Answer 25

small portion of the liver (back of liver) where peritoneum doesn't reach (on both sides, parietal peritoneum reflects and becomes visceral)

Question 26

mesentery proper (root of mesentery) def + what can happen between parts of intestine

Answer 26

supsensory ligament of jejunum and ileum. | 2 loops of intestine that are can be stuck together OR one loop can have its 2 parts stuck together

Question 27

mesentery proper (root of mesentery): why important

Answer 27

important for blood supply because aorta gives off a branch there

Question 28

paraduodenal (retroduodenal) fossa (recess) def

Answer 28

hole in peritoneum between paraduodenal fold (fold of peritoneum on top of that) and duodeno-jejunal junction (flexure)

Question 29

what is found near paraduodenol fossa

Answer 29

artery and vein running ............................................

Question 30

paracolic gutters (recesses) names and location

Answer 30

right and left paracolic gutters (gutter formed on exterior side of ascending and descending colons by depression of peritoneum)

Question 31

opposite to paracolic gutters (recesses), what's on interior side of ascending and descending colon

Answer 31

right and left infracolic spaces

Question 32

right paracolic gutter runs from where to where

Answer 32

from superolateral aspect of hepatic flexure of the colon (ascending to transverse), down lateral aspect of ascending colon and around the cecum

Question 33

right paracolic gutter is continuous with ___ because _____

Answer 33

with peritoneum bc descends into pelvis over pelvic brim

Question 34

why is right paracolic gutter continuous with peritoneum on the top

Answer 34

continuous with peritoneum lining the hepatorenal pouch and the lesser sac (through epiploic foramen)

Question 35

clinical significance of paracolic gutter in supine patient

Answer 35

infected fluid from iliac fossa can ascend in gutter and enter the lesser sac

Question 36

clinical significance of paracolic gutter in sitting position

Answer 36

fluid from stomach, duodenum or gallbladder may run down the gutter and collect in right iliac fossa or pelvis (can mimic acute appendicits or form pelvic abcess)

Question 37

lesser sac def

Answer 37

peritoneal cavity** formed by lesser omentum and that is behind stomach, in front of pancreas and above TC (transverse colon)

Question 38

greater sac def

Answer 38

peritoneal cavity formed by the greater omentum and peritoneum, excluding lesser sac

Question 39

link between lesser and greater sac

Answer 39

epiploic foramen (hole between the two, in lesser omentum). connects them and is between liver (on top) and stomach (below)

Question 40

gastrocolic ligament def

Answer 40

portion of greater omentum that stretches from greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 41

gastrocolic ligament contributes to what structure

Answer 41

is part of anterior wall of lesser sac

Question 42

two parts of the lesser omentum

Answer 42

hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 43

HG ligament location

Answer 43

connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (top)

Question 44

greater vs lesser curvature of stomach

Answer 44

greater on bottom of stomach | lesser curvature on top

Question 45

greater vs lesser omentum location

Answer 45

greater = starts bottom of stomach and goes below | lesser omentum = between liver and stomach

Question 46

hepatoduodenal ligament def

Answer 46

connects the liver to the duodenum

Question 47

HD ligament location compared to HG ligament and how they differ

Answer 47

HD ligament to the right of HG ligament (duodenum exits on right of stomach) HD ligament is thicker

Question 48

HD ligament contents

Answer 48

portal triad: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct

Question 49

greater omentum: how many layers of peritoneum and why

Answer 49

4 layers of peritoneum because 2 folds on each other (perioneum reflects twice)

Question 50

what is immediately anterior and posterior to epiploic foramen

Answer 50

posterior: IVC anterior: portal triad

Question 51

lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament content + location

Answer 51

splenic vessels. is at tail of pancreas (between pancreas tail and spleen)

Question 52

gastrosplenic ligament content and location

Answer 52

between stomach and spleen (at left border of lesser sac) | contains: short gastric vessels + left gastroepiploic vessels

Question 53

name of 2 rings formed by peritoneum as it reflects on both side of bare area

Answer 53

coronary ligament

Question 54

falciform ligament and ligamentum teres hepatis location

Answer 54

between the two lobes of the liver. lig teres attaches to falciform (is below liver) and to umbilicus

Question 55

ligamentum teres is remnant of what

Answer 55

umbilical vein of the fetus

Question 56

bare area location in the liver + how many coronary ligaments and location

Answer 56

``` posterior. one on middle top one on middle bottom one on bottom right one on bottom left ```

Question 57

IVC in relation to liver and hepatic veins (+ how many hepatic veins)

Answer 57

liver sitting on top of IVC, 3 hepatic veins inside liver and immediately drain in IVC as they leave it

Question 58

3 umbilical folds or ligaments visible when looking from inside abdomen to anterior abd wall

Answer 58

lateral umbilical fold medial umbilical ligament median umbilical ligament

Question 59

lateral umbilical fold number, location and ''content'' (relates to what)

Answer 59

(2) least medial, oblique. | has inferior epigastric vessels underneath

Question 60

medial umbilical fold number, location and relates to what

Answer 60

(2) oblique, almost medial | is from obliterated umbilical artery (which comes from internal iliac a.)

Question 61

median umbilical number, location and relates to what

Answer 61

1. is in the middle and is verticle | it was the urachus, a fibrous remnant of the allantois (canal that drained bladder to umbilical cord in fetus)

Question 62

3 ligaments (lateral, medial, median) go where and why

Answer 62

all linked to umbilicus because related to the mother in the fetus

Question 63

vas deferens function

Answer 63

tube bringing sperm into prostatic urethra