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Bloc E - GI & Metabolism > Jan30 M3-Anatomy Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Jan30 M3-Anatomy Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

transpyloric plane def

A

(landmark) horizontal plane through bottom of the stomach

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2
Q

subcostal plane def

A

(landmark) horizontal plane through lower border of 10th costal cartilage

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3
Q

transumbilical plane def

A

(landmark) horizontal plane through the umbilicus

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4
Q

intertubercular plane def

A

(landmark) horizontal plane through the iliac tubercles

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5
Q

interspinous plane def

A

(landmark) horizontal plane through the ASIS (anterior spinous iliac spine)

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6
Q

midclavicular line line def + other name

A

(landmark), also midinguinal line. vertical line on left and right through middle of clavicle and inguinal ligament

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7
Q

sacral promontory def

A

(*between colum and sacrum) most anterior point of the spine in the pelvis before it curves to the back (below last big cartilage)

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8
Q

right abdominal regions and contents

A
  • right hypochondriac region (liver and hepatic flexure)
  • right lumbar region (ascending colon)
  • right iliac (inguinal) region (cecum)
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9
Q

middle abdominal regions and contents

A
  • epigastric region (pylorus/stomach)
  • umbilical region (jejunum)
  • hypogastric region (rectum, bladder)
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10
Q

left abdominal regions and contents

A
  • left hypochondriac region (spleen and splenic flexure)
  • left lumbar region (descending colon)
  • left iliac (inguinal) region (sigmoid colon)
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11
Q

greater omentum def and part seen below abdominal muscles/fascia

A

structure hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach (has many parts). at front, omental apron

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12
Q

peritoneal cavity def + something it does

A

potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum. secretes 50 ml fluid every day (lubricant + anti-inflamm.)

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13
Q

link between parietal and visceral peritoneum and what is visceral peritoneum

A

are continuous. visceral = surrounding the GI tract/tube (intestines, etc.)

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14
Q

mesentery def

A

2 peritoneal sheaths (same one but surrounded organ) sticking together between organ and parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

are abdominal organs inside the peritoneal cavity? how attached to body wall

A

no bc surrounded by visceral peritoneum. attached to body wall (parietal peritoneum) by mesentery and ligaments

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16
Q

retroperitoneal organ definition

A

organ that only has peritoneum on its anterior side

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17
Q

primarily retroperitoneal organs

A

adrenal glands, kidneys, ureter, bladder, aorta, IVC

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18
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A

head and neck of pancreas (not the tail), 2nd and 3rd portion of duodenum (not 1st and 4th), ascending and descending colon (but not transverse or sigmoid)

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19
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal organ def

A

once suspended in abd cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to peritoneum in embryogenesis

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20
Q

lesser omentum fcts (2)

A
  • stabilizes the stomach

- access route for blood vessels and structures to/away from the liver

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21
Q

greater omentum location

A

hangs like an apron from lateral and inferior borders of the stomach

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22
Q

mesentery proper fct

A

thick mesenterial sheet that provides stability to the SI but permits some indep mvmt

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23
Q

transverse mesocolon def

A

mesentery that supports the transverse colon, extending from pancreas on the posterior wall of the transverse colon

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24
Q

sigmoid mesocolon def

A

mesentery supporting the sigmoid colon

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25
Q

bare area of the liver

A

small portion of the liver (back of liver) where peritoneum doesn’t reach (on both sides, parietal peritoneum reflects and becomes visceral)

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26
Q

mesentery proper (root of mesentery) def + what can happen between parts of intestine

A

supsensory ligament of jejunum and ileum.

2 loops of intestine that are can be stuck together OR one loop can have its 2 parts stuck together

27
Q

mesentery proper (root of mesentery): why important

A

important for blood supply because aorta gives off a branch there

28
Q

paraduodenal (retroduodenal) fossa (recess) def

A

hole in peritoneum between paraduodenal fold (fold of peritoneum on top of that) and duodeno-jejunal junction (flexure)

29
Q

what is found near paraduodenol fossa

A

artery and vein running ……………………………………..

30
Q

paracolic gutters (recesses) names and location

A

right and left paracolic gutters (gutter formed on exterior side of ascending and descending colons by depression of peritoneum)

31
Q

opposite to paracolic gutters (recesses), what’s on interior side of ascending and descending colon

A

right and left infracolic spaces

32
Q

right paracolic gutter runs from where to where

A

from superolateral aspect of hepatic flexure of the colon (ascending to transverse), down lateral aspect of ascending colon and around the cecum

33
Q

right paracolic gutter is continuous with ___ because _____

A

with peritoneum bc descends into pelvis over pelvic brim

34
Q

why is right paracolic gutter continuous with peritoneum on the top

A

continuous with peritoneum lining the hepatorenal pouch and the lesser sac (through epiploic foramen)

35
Q

clinical significance of paracolic gutter in supine patient

A

infected fluid from iliac fossa can ascend in gutter and enter the lesser sac

36
Q

clinical significance of paracolic gutter in sitting position

A

fluid from stomach, duodenum or gallbladder may run down the gutter and collect in right iliac fossa or pelvis (can mimic acute appendicits or form pelvic abcess)

37
Q

lesser sac def

A

peritoneal cavity** formed by lesser omentum and that is behind stomach, in front of pancreas and above TC (transverse colon)

38
Q

greater sac def

A

peritoneal cavity formed by the greater omentum and peritoneum, excluding lesser sac

39
Q

link between lesser and greater sac

A

epiploic foramen (hole between the two, in lesser omentum). connects them and is between liver (on top) and stomach (below)

40
Q

gastrocolic ligament def

A

portion of greater omentum that stretches from greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

41
Q

gastrocolic ligament contributes to what structure

A

is part of anterior wall of lesser sac

42
Q

two parts of the lesser omentum

A

hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament

43
Q

HG ligament location

A

connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (top)

44
Q

greater vs lesser curvature of stomach

A

greater on bottom of stomach

lesser curvature on top

45
Q

greater vs lesser omentum location

A

greater = starts bottom of stomach and goes below

lesser omentum = between liver and stomach

46
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament def

A

connects the liver to the duodenum

47
Q

HD ligament location compared to HG ligament and how they differ

A

HD ligament to the right of HG ligament (duodenum exits on right of stomach)
HD ligament is thicker

48
Q

HD ligament contents

A

portal triad: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct

49
Q

greater omentum: how many layers of peritoneum and why

A

4 layers of peritoneum because 2 folds on each other (perioneum reflects twice)

50
Q

what is immediately anterior and posterior to epiploic foramen

A

posterior: IVC
anterior: portal triad

51
Q

lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament content + location

A

splenic vessels. is at tail of pancreas (between pancreas tail and spleen)

52
Q

gastrosplenic ligament content and location

A

between stomach and spleen (at left border of lesser sac)

contains: short gastric vessels + left gastroepiploic vessels

53
Q

name of 2 rings formed by peritoneum as it reflects on both side of bare area

A

coronary ligament

54
Q

falciform ligament and ligamentum teres hepatis location

A

between the two lobes of the liver. lig teres attaches to falciform (is below liver) and to umbilicus

55
Q

ligamentum teres is remnant of what

A

umbilical vein of the fetus

56
Q

bare area location in the liver + how many coronary ligaments and location

A 
posterior. 
one on middle top
one on middle bottom
one on bottom right
one on bottom left
57
Q

IVC in relation to liver and hepatic veins (+ how many hepatic veins)

A

liver sitting on top of IVC, 3 hepatic veins inside liver and immediately drain in IVC as they leave it

58
Q

3 umbilical folds or ligaments visible when looking from inside abdomen to anterior abd wall

A

lateral umbilical fold
medial umbilical ligament
median umbilical ligament

59
Q

lateral umbilical fold number, location and ‘‘content’’ (relates to what)

A

(2) least medial, oblique.

has inferior epigastric vessels underneath

60
Q

medial umbilical fold number, location and relates to what

A

(2) oblique, almost medial

is from obliterated umbilical artery (which comes from internal iliac a.)

61
Q

median umbilical number, location and relates to what

A
  1. is in the middle and is verticle

it was the urachus, a fibrous remnant of the allantois (canal that drained bladder to umbilical cord in fetus)

62
Q

3 ligaments (lateral, medial, median) go where and why

A

all linked to umbilicus because related to the mother in the fetus

63
Q

vas deferens function

A

tube bringing sperm into prostatic urethra

Bloc E - GI & Metabolism (58 decks)

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