Manage Quality - Prep Questions

Question 1

You are managing a business improvement project for an external customer. The customer does not have a defined quality policy. While preparing a quality management plan, your FIRST Step should be:

A. Determine quality standards
B. Determine specific quality metrics
C. Define quality checklists
D. Specify a quality policy

Answer 1

D. Specify a quality policy

The quality management plan should be aligned with the quality policy. If there is no quality policy available, the project management team should develop a project quality policy for the project.

Question 2

The team is working hard to address the existing quality issues. At the end of the iteration, an agile team should compare the features with __________.

A. The features acceptance criteria and the definition of ready
B. The adopted ground rules and the definition of done
C. The features acceptance criteria and the definition of done
D. The features acceptance criteria and the adopted ground rules

Answer 2

C. The features acceptance criteria and the definition of done

Each feature should be compared with the features acceptance criteria and the definition of done.

Question 3

Senior management stressed the importance of delivering products according to standards. You are preparing a graphical display of time-phased quality data. How can a run chart aid the quality management effort?

A. Can help to forecast the number of future defects
B. Can be used to verify if two variables are statistically correlated
C. Can be used to highlight the major causes of defects
D. Can verify if a process in under control

Answer 3

A. Can help to forecast the number of future defects

A run chart is a chart that displays time-phased data to detect a trend and forecast future performance.

Question 4

Your company is implementing an ecommerce solution. The team randomly selected 50 transactions to randomly test them against the adopted performance requirements. Which of the following statements regarding the use of statistical sampling in quality management is TRUE?

A. Sampling is used during plan quality management to assess if all elements are in conformance to requirements
B. Variable sampling shows the degree of conformance to requirements
C. Sampling is used during a quality audit to assess if a process is under control
D. Attribute sampling shows the degree of conformance to requirements

Answer 4

B. Variable sampling shows the degree of conformance to requirements

In variable sampling, a measurement is classified on a continuous numerical scale that rates the degree of conformance or nonconformance. Sampling is not used in plan quality management (answer A). Sampling is not used in quality audit (answer C). Attribute sampling classifies each measurement as either conforming or nonconforming to requirements (answer D).

Question 5

A scrum team is implementing a customer support system. At the end of fourth sprint, the team was able to complete most of the items included in the sprint backlog. One critical item, however, was not done according to the quality parameters. How should the team proceed?

A. The product owner should postpone the start of the following sprint to ensure that the feature can be released according to the quality parameters
B. The team should use the sprint review to complete the remaining work
C. The scrum master should decide whether the item should be released
D. The item should be returned to the product backlog

Answer 5

D. The item should be returned to the product backlog

Items that do not meet the definition of done are returned to the product backlog.

Question 6

The quality control team collected the quality control measurements regarding the speed measured in seconds of an electronic process. The team is now plotting those measurements in a control chart. Which of the following sentences regarding control charts is correct?

A. Specification limits indicate process improvement opportunities
B. Control limits specify the range of acceptable results
C. Specification limits indicate what is acceptance according to the contract
D. Control limits highlight the cause of the defect

Answer 6

C. Specification limits indicate what is acceptance according to the contract

Specification limits indicate what is acceptance under contract or customer specifications.

Question 7

An agile team detected a defect on a payment module. Who should correct the defect?

A. Sponsor
B. Product owner
C. Scrum master
D. Team

Answer 7

D. Team

The team is collectively responsible for the quality of the product.

Question 8

You were asked to support the transition from traditional product development processes to agile. You want to remove ambiguity by clarifying the meaning of completing an increment. Which of the
following practice should you introduce?

A. Retrospective
B. Test-driven development
C. Refactoring
D. Definition of done

Answer 8

D. Definition of done

The Definition of Done reflects the team’s common understanding of the meaning of completing a product increment.

Question 9

You need to investigate why a particular process is not performing as required. Which of the following would best suit your purpose?

A. Fishbone diagram
B. Prioritization matrix
C. Control chart
D. Affinity diagram

Answer 9

A. Fishbone diagram

The fishbone can help to find the problem’s root-causes.

Question 10

You have been asked to manage the implementation of improvements to an existing billing system. To help you analyze the process, which of the following tools would you use?

A. Cause-and-effect-diagrams
B. Scatter diagram
C. Flowcharts
D. Benchmarking

Answer 10

C. Flowcharts

A flowchart is a graphical representation of the process steps that can be used to identify process improvements.

Question 11

You are the project manager for an environmental project. The project is halfway complete and is experiencing poor morale, low customer satisfaction, conflict and costly rework. What would you
recommend?

A. Improve resource management planning
B. Renegotiate quality standards and requirements
C. Spend more time preventing and inspecting defects
D. Decrease conformance costs

Answer 11

C. Spend more time preventing and inspecting defects

Poor morale, low customer satisfaction, conflict and costly rework are
symptoms of adopting a low quality. The team should increase the quality level by spending more time correcting defects.

Question 12

You were assigned to a game development project with a plan-driven team and an agile team. You are working closely with both teams to prevent misaligned deliverables between teams. Which of the following can help to manage the interdependencies between teams? (Choose two.)

A. Decompose epics into user stories and improve estimates
B. Refine the definition of ready and the definition of done
C. Include an integrated network diagram that includes all the activities and dependencies across both teams
D. Ensure that both teams use a common approach to estimate and sequence work
E. Establish clear start dependencies and exit criteria

Answer 12

B. Refine the definition of ready and the definition of done
E. Establish clear start dependencies and exit criteria

Question 13

A recently formed agile team is estimating an unfamiliar product feature. Team members explored different approaches to develop the feature but are struggling to determine the right path. They are
concerned that the feature may require more work than anticipated and compromise their ability to meet the sprint goal. How can the team determine the amount of work that must be done to complete the feature?

A. Reserve part ofthe current sprint to engineer the best solution
B. Include the different feature development solutions in the product backlog
C. Run a spike to collect more information before committing to the feature
D. Use planning poker to seek a consensus among the team members

Answer 13

C. Run a spike to collect more information before committing to the feature

Team members may need to run an experiment to explore potential feature development approaches before they can estimate it.

Question 14

You were tasked with managing a project that Will build a bridge over a river gorge. You have just started to plan how the project quality Will be managed. Which of the following activities may you
perform as part of quality management planning? (Choose three.)

A. Analyze processes to detect improvement opportunities
B. Describe how quality assurance and quality control will implement the existing quality policies
C. Establish the project quality standards and quality metrics
D. Prepare quality reports
E. Develop checklists to assist in quality measurements

Answer 14

B. Describe how quality assurance and quality control will implement the existing quality policies
C. Establish the project quality standards and quality metrics
E. Develop checklists to assist in quality measurements

The team may analyze processes to detect improvement opportunities and prepare quality reports as part of executing the quality management plan. The remaining options are part of the quality management planning.

Question 15

The team is analyzing a process on a control chart. Seven measurements in a row are on one side of the center line. What can you conclude about the process?

A. The process does not meet specification limits
B. The process is under control but the mean should be revised
C. The process is under control because the measurements are inside the control limits
D. The process is out of control because a rule of seven occurred

Answer 15

D. The process is out of control because a rule of seven occurred

A rule of seven is applied on a control chart to determine that a process is out of control. The rule is applied when there are seven measurements in a row that are on one side of the mean, even if they are within the control limits.

Question 16

You are managing a customer support services implementation project. While preparing the project management plan, which of the following options should you focus to maximize the impact on customer satisfaction?

A. Manage project changes
B. Deliver the product on schedule
C. Fitness for use and conformance to requirements
D. Deliver above expectations

Answer 16

C. Fitness for use and conformance to requirements

Project management pursues customer satisfaction through a combination of fitness for use and conformance to requirements. Fitness for use is the product’s ability to meet the customer’s purpose. Conformance to requirements means providing all the specified requirements and only the specified requirements. Options A and B are not enough to meet customer satisfaction. Option D is not aligned with the conformance to requirements principle.

Question 17

Your company is implementing an ecommerce solution. The team randomly selected 50 transactions to randomly test them against the adopted performance requirements. Benefits of sampling instead
of testing the entire population include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. It’s cheaper
B. It reduces waste
C. It’s more precise
D. It’s faster

Answer 17

C. It’s more precise

Testing the entire population, if it was possible, would be more precise.

Question 18

The team needs to statistically analyze how different combinations of materials impact the power of an engine. Which of the following options would you recommend them?

A. Flow chart
B. Design of experiments
C. Statistical sampling
D. Benchmarking

Answer 18

B. Design of experiments

The design of experiments is a quality planning technique that statistically analyzes the influence of different variables on the product, project or process quality.

Question 19

You recently joined a training company. Your manager told you that the company has successfully implemented lean practices. Which of the following BEST describes the Lean principles?

A. Implement small improvements
B. The team should focus on reducing waste
C. Ensure that the product is fit for purpose
D. Ensure that the product is not fragmented

Answer 19

B. The team should focus on reducing waste

Lean focuses on continously and systematically reducing waste.

Question 20

Halfway through an interior design project, you are assessing why the design document is not complying with the applicable quality standards. You are engaged in _____________.

A. Quality management planning
B. Quality assurance
C. Quality control
D. Scope validation

Answer 20

C. Quality control

Quality control determines if deliverables meet the agreed-upon quality requirements and if corrective actions and defect repairs are required.

Question 21

You are a project manager taking on an agile project for the first time. The team will develop a robotic system working in 4-week sprints. The team will adopt the practice of regularly ensuring that the product is not fragmented. Which practice is the team adopting?

A. Test-driven development
B. Definition of done
C. Continuous integration
D. Refactoring

Answer 21

C. Continuous integration

Continuous Integration is a practice by which team members regularly integrate their work with the remaining product features, test and fix integration issues to ensure that the product is not fragmented.

Question 22

During a research and development project, the product is not performing according to its planned quality. Who is accountable for ensuring that there are enough resources to address the performance problems?

A. Management
B. Project manager
C. Product manager
D. Team members

Answer 22

A. Management

Management should provide sufficient resources. The project manager is accountable for the overall project quality (answer B). Product managers may, once the project is completed, be responsible for the product quality. They are not, however, responsible for developing the product according to requirements (answer C). Team member are responsible for the quality of their
own work (answer D).

Question 23

Barbara has been working as project manager on a highway construction project. She is currently planning quality management. Which of the following activities may she perform? (Choose three.)

A. Incorporating the organization’s quality policy into the quality management plan
B. Recommending a corrective action
C. Preparing tests and evaluation documents
D. Preparing quality reports
E. Defining the quality metrics that Will be used to verify compliance
F. Describing how the processes can be progressively improved

Answer 23

A. Incorporating the organization’s quality policy into the quality management plan
E. Defining the quality metrics that Will be used to verify compliance
F. Describing how the processes can be progressively improved

Defining the quality management approacg (answer A), defining the quality metrics that will be used to verify compliance (answer E) and describing how the processes can be progressively improved (answer F) are part of quality management planning. The remaining options are not part of quality management planning.

Question 24

Four months into a six months automation system project, a major deliverable was added to the project scope. You are now defining how the project quality standards will be impacted by the scope
change. What process are you involved in?

A. Planning quality management
B. Performing quality assurance
C. Controlling quality
D. Defining scope

Answer 24

A. Planning quality management

You are revisiting the quality management plan to define how quality standards will be impacted by the new deliverable.

Question 25

A semi-conductor company assembled a project team to develop a new electronic product. The definition of done was created in the first sprint and so far it remained unchanged. Which of the following statements regarding the definition of done is correct?
A. It should be defined by the product owner to ensure that the product is fit for purpose
B. It should explain “why” the team is developing the product
C. It works as a checklist for how the team should work
D. It reflects the team’s common understanding of the conditions required to start working on a product backlog item

Answer 25

C. It works as a checklist for how the team should work

The definition of done reflects the team’s common understanding of the meaning of completing a product backlog item (answers C and B). The definition of done should be defined by the team (answer A). The definition of ready should reflect the team’s common understanding of the conditions required to start working on a product backlog item (answer D).

Question 26

You were assigned to an agile project that is developing a robotic system. During the first three sprints, the team managed to complete a very significant number of items. In the last two sprints,
however, the team’s progress dropped sharply. Which of the following are the MOST likely reasons for this situation? (Choose two.)

A. The product backlog is prioritized according to complexity
B. The product owner has added several items to the product backlog
C. Technical debt is accumulating because the adopted definition of done is incomplete
D. Team members do not have sufficient training
E. The product backlog is prioritized according to value

Answer 26

C. Technical debt is accumulating because the adopted definition of done is incomplete
D. Team members do not have sufficient training

If the definition of done is incomplete, it can lead to technical debt, which can slow down progress as the team spends more time addressing issues from previous sprints.
Insufficient training can lead to inefficiencies and errors, which can significantly impact the team’s ability to complete work effectively.

Question 27

You are a project manager taking on an agile project for the first time. The team will develop a robotic system working in 4-week sprints. During initial meetings, one team member recommended the continuous integration practice. Which of the following statements reflects the continuous integration practice?

A. We reflect on integration practices to identify improvement actions that can be implemented in future iterations
B. We explore potential integration improvement opportunities
C. We have a common understanding of the meaning of completing and integrating a product backlog item
D. We regularly address, test and fix integration issues to ensure that the product is not fragmented

Answer 27

D. We regularly address, test and fix integration issues to ensure that the product is not fragmented

Continuous integration is a practice by which team members regularly integrate their work (e.g., new features) with the remaining product features, test and fix integration issues to ensure that the product is not fragmented (answer D). Answer A is reflecting the retrospective practice. Answer B is reflecting the experiment practice. Answer C is reflecting the definition of done practice.

Question 28

A semi-conductor company assembled a project team to develop a new electronic product. Over the course of several sprints, the team defined and refined the adopted Definition of Done. Which of the following statements regarding the Definition of Done is correct?

A. It should be determined by the team
B. It should be defined and approved up front
C. It should be determined for each product backlog item
D. It should be determined by the product owner

Answer 28

A. It should be determined by the team

The Definition of Done reflects the team’s common understanding of the meaning of completing a deliverable, product increment or product backlog item (answer A). The team should inspect and adapt the Definition of Done throughout the project (answer B). The Definition of Done is not the product backlog item acceptance criteria (answer C). The Definition of Done should be determined by the team (answer D).

Question 29

You want to graphically analyze the correlation between the amount of memory allocated to a computer server and the number of customer requests that the server is able to process in an hour.
What type of diagram should be used?

A. Run chart
B. Control chart
C. Interrelationship diagram
D. Scatter diagram

Answer 29

D. Scatter diagram

A scatter diagram is a graphical representation of the measurement of two variables along two axes to verify if they are statistically correlated.

Question 30

The team completed a methodical inspection of a software module to determine if it meets the agreed-upon quality requirements. As a result, several nonconforming elements were identified. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Rework is not a problem if detected early in the project
B. Rework is a process adjustment based on quality audits
C. Rework is performed by the quality audit team
D. Rework should be recorded as a quality control activity

Answer 30

D. Rework should be recorded as a quality control activity

Rework (correcting defects) are actions required to correct nonconforming elements and are part of Quality Control.

Question 31

You’re managing a strategic conventional industrial project. The team is using a scatter diagram to manage product quality. Which of the following sentences regarding scatter diagrams is TRUE?

A. Is used to demonstrate a trend in the number of occurrences of a defect
B. Is used to demonstrate that a process is out of control
C. Is used to identify the root causes of a problem
D. When the collected measurements are close to a straight line, the variables measured are not statistical independent

Answer 31

D. When the collected measurements are close to a straight line, the variables measured are not statistical independent

A scatter diagram is a graphical representation of the measurements of two variables along two axes to verify if they are statistically correlated.

Question 32

You were tasked with managing a project that Will build a bridge over a river gorge. You have just started to plan how the project quality Will be managed. Which of the following BEST describes
successful quality management?

A. The customer is happy
B. The project meets requirements
C. High conformance costs
D. Low nonconformance costs

Answer 32

B. The project meets requirements

Quality management includes the activities required to ensure that the project, product and adopted processes meet requirements.

Question 33

Your company is known for releasing high-quality products, with little or no defects. You are managing a critical product development project. Which of the following activities may the team perform to manage quality? (Choose three.)

A. Performing inspections
B. Preparing tests and evaluation documents
C. Defining the principles and guidelines that should direct the organization’s quality management approach
D. Analyzing processes to detect improvement opportunities
E. Improving design to ensure that no defects will be detected during quality inspections

Answer 33

A. Performing inspections
B. Preparing tests and evaluation documents
D. Analyzing processes to detect improvement opportunities

The team does not define the organization’s quality management policy (answer C). It is not possible to ensure that no defects will be detected during quality inspections (answer E). The remaining options are part of quality management.

Question 34

Your company is known for releasing high-quality products, with little or no defects. The company’s quality management policy determines that your new project should be aligned with the Total Quality Management approach. Total quality management can be defined as:

A. International standard that assesses the organization capability to follow its own quality procedures
B. Management approach that reduces stock by optimizing the inventory system
C. Structured quality management process aimed for improving processes and fixing problems
D. Management system that guides employees to continuously improve the quality of their products and processes

Answer 34

D. Management system that guides employees to continuously improve the quality of their products and processes

Total quality management is a management system that guides the team on the continuous improvement of the product and processes quality.

Question 35

Barbara has been working as project manager on a highway construction project. She is currently determining how the project may meet the adopted quality standards and requirements. Barbara is currently:

A. Planning quality management
B. Performing quality assurance
C. Controlling quality
D. Developing the project management plan

Answer 35

A. Planning quality management

Quality management planning defines how quality will be managed in the project to achieve the quality objectives and meet quality standards.

Question 36

You are the project manager for an environmental project. You need to determine the most suitable level of quality, considering both proactive and reactive quality costs. Which of the following is an
example of a conformance cost?

A. Developing quality procedures
B. Rework
C. Claims administration
D. Inventory costs

Answer 36

A. Developing quality procedures

Developing quality procedures is an example of a conformance cost. All other options are examples of nonconformance costs.

Question 37

A junior project manager approaches you because he is not sure how to verify if his project’s activities are complying with organizational and project policies and procedures. You should recommend a:

A. Quality inspection
B. Quality benchmark
C. Process improvement
D. Quality audit

Answer 37

D. Quality audit

A quality audit is an independent evaluation of project compliance led by internal or external auditors, that can provide confidence that the project is meeting the required policies, processes and procedures.

Question 38

One quality control measurement is outside the control limits if the control chart. The team should investigate ___________ cause.

A. A random
B. A common
C. An assignable
D. A specification

Answer 38

C. An assignable

An assignable cause means that the process is out of control and that an effort should be made to identify the causes that led to the nonconformity.

Question 39

Your company is implementing an ecommerce solution. The team randomly selected 50 transactions to randomly test them against the adopted performance requirements. Which quality management
technique has the team adopted?

A. Design of experiments
B. Statistical sampling
C. Quality control
D. Quality audit

Answer 39

B. Statistical sampling

Statistical sampling selects and analyzes a small part of the overall data to infer the characteristics of the entire data.

Question 40

Two weeks before the scheduled finish date, your project still has a significant number of open product defects. You want to focus the defect repair effort on the most frequent defects. Which tool should you use?

A. Pareto chart
B. Cause-and-effect-diagrams
C. Cost of quality
D. Sampling

Answer 40

A. Pareto chart

A Pareto diagram can be used to prioritize quality defect by their frequency of occurence. All other options would not support such analysis.

Question 41

Wich of the following statements regarding the Just-ln-Time (JIT) approach is correct?

A. Non value added processes should be eliminated
B. Quality should be improved in small steps
C. Stocks should be approximately 0
D. Defects should be approximately 0

Answer 41

C. Stocks should be approximately 0

Just-in-time is a mangement approach that reduces stocks to zero, or neraly zero.

Question 42

You are working as project manager on a production system automation project. Product testing has revealed that there are a significant number of oversized products. Which of the following techniques may help to determine if the production system needs to be corrected?

A. Statistical sampling
B. Run chart
C. Histogram
D. Control chart

Answer 42

D. Control chart

A control chart graphically represents data to assess if the production system is under control or requires intervention.

Question 43

Your company is using scrum to design a coffee machine. After several months, the volume of product defects is mounting up. Senior management is unpleased and requested two additional
sprints to correct the existing defects. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A. The timebox did not allow the team to perform the required tests
B. The definition of done was incomplete
C. The team did not plan sprints specifically dedicated to tests
D. The product backlog was not prioritized

Answer 43

B. The definition of done was incomplete

The definition of done reflects the team’s common understanding of the meaning of completing a product backlog item.

Question 44

Team members are conducting a sprint retrospective to reflect on their practices. During the retrospective, one team member suggested that the team should spend more time refactoring the
product. Which of the following is a valid reason for refactoring the product?

A. To ensure that the product is done
B. To ensure that the product is not fragmented
C. To improve the product organization
D. To reduce the number of product defects

Answer 44

C. To improve the product organization

Refactoring organizer the product structure to improve its design without impacting its funcionalitiy (answer C).

Question 45

An organization has just hired you as a project manager to support the transition from conventional project management to agile project management. During a sprint planning event, the team is unable to determine how a product backlog item should work. What would you recommend? (Choose two)

A. The empowered team should define the feature’s acceptance criteria
B. The team should complete the feature and allow the product owner to inspect it as soon as possible
C. The team and the product owner should review the definition of ready
D. The product owner should define the feature’s acceptance criteria before the team can complete it
E. The team should extend the sprint duration to ensure that the feature is completed according to the definition of done

Answer 45

C. The team and the product owner should review the definition of ready
D. The product owner should define the feature’s acceptance criteria before the team can complete it

Question 46

As a project manager in a hotel expansion project, you are examining the incremental savings generated by a one-unit increase in quality spending. Which of the following are you performing?

A. Planning quality management
B. Performing quality assurance
C. Controlling quality
D. Improving processes

Answer 46

C. Controlling quality

Controlling quality involves monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Examining the incremental savings generated by a one-unit increase in quality spending falls under this process, as it involves evaluating the cost-benefit of quality improvements.

Question 47

You are asked to explain the meaning of prevention over inspection. Which of the following statements explains it BEST?

A. The quality level should be as high as possible
B. Quality should be improved by continuously introducing small enhancements
C. Decreasing the quality level will raise costs
D. Decreasing the quality level will decrease costs

Answer 47

C. Decreasing the quality level will raise costs

The prevention over inspection principle argues that preventing defects is usually cheaper than inspecting and correcting those defects. Answer B refers to the continual improvement principle. Answers A and D are incorrect statements.

Question 48

An agile team is implementing a payment system. The product owner rejected a product backlog item at the end of the iteration because it did not meet its acceptance criteria. How should the team
proceed?

A. The team should extend the sprint by a few days to correct the defect
B. The rejected item should be returned to the product backlog
C. The team should run an additional short iteration to complete the item
D. The team should hold a retrospective meeting to analyze the defect and work on a solution

Answer 48

B. The rejected item should be returned to the product backlog

Incomplete product backlog items should be returned to the product backlog (answer B). Complete iterations should not be extended (answer A). Retrospective meetings should be used to inspect and adapt the process (answer D).

Question 49

Several team members are currently involved in the control quality process. All of the following activities are part of quality control, EXCEPT:

A. Updating a test and evaluation document with a new record to ensure that a deliverable is re-tested
B. Analyzing a small part of the overall data to infer the characteristics of the entire data
C. Conducting observations, tests, surveys and examinations to determine if deliverables meet agreed-upon quality requirements
D. Analyzing quality management best practices used in similar products to establish a basis for comparison

Answer 49

D. Analyzing quality management best practices used in similar products to establish a basis for comparison

Benchmarking is used to plan quality management (answer D). Updating a test and evaluation document (answer A), sampling (answer B) and conducting an inspection (answer C) are part of quality control.

Question 50

Very late in your customer support services implementation project, the program manager is concerned that the project will not comply with the adopted quality management procedures. How should you address the situation?

A. Request a quality audit
B. Conduct a quality inspection
C. Adjust the quality management plan
D. Meet with the program manager to explain how the project Will comply with the adopted quality management procedures

Answer 50

A. Request a quality audit

A quality audit is an independent mechanism that assures project stakeholders that the project complies with the adopted quality management procedures.

Question 51

The team is concerned that only a fraction of the time and effort spent in configuration management is actually converted into value. Which of the following would help to streamline the configuration management and eliminate non-value-added activities?

A. Conduct a process analysis to identify process improvement opportunities
B. Plan quality management to determine the most suitable level of quality
C. Perform a quality inspection to identify process improvement opportunities
D. Conduct a quality audit to streamline the configuration management process

Answer 51

A. Conduct a process analysis to identify process improvement opportunities

Process analysis focuses on the activities that add value and eliminates everything else - the waste (answer A). Process analysis is not performed as part of quality management planning (answer B). Quality inspections determine if deliverables and work packages meet the agreed upon quality requirements (answer C). A quality audit is an independent checking that the project complies with applicable processes and that quality requirements Will be met (answer D).

Question 52

Agile teams may need to run an experiment to explore potential improvement opportunities and to select the best approach. These time-boxed process improvement and knowledge-acquisition activities are known as ___________ .

A. Spike
B. Retrospective
C. Daily standup
D. Test-driven development

Answer 52

A. Spike

A spike is an opportunty that explores potential improvement opportunities.

Question 53

You are working as project manager on a production system automation project. The team is analyzing a process on a control chart. All of the following are correct for a process under control, EXCEPT:

A. Measurements are within control limits
B. Does not require further inspection
C. Can be improved
D. Has variation caused by common causes

Answer 53

B. Does not require further inspection

Quality control is a continuous process. Therefore a process under control does not mean that there will be no future inspections. All other statements are correct.

Question 54

Sampling selects part of the population to infer the characteristics of the entire population. In which of the following does the team select the size of the sample?

A. Quality control
B. Quality assurance
C. Quantitative risk analysis
D. Quality management planning

Answer 54

D. Quality management planning

The size and frequency of the samples are determined during the plan quality management process.

Question 55

Barbara is as project manager on a highway construction project. She is currently determining the adopted quality metrics. How would you define a quality metric?

A. Process that involves measuring the project deliverables
B. Metric used to distinguish elements with the same use, but different technical attributes
C. Specific requirement that must be met
D. Specific properties owned bythe product, against which it can be assessed

Answer 55

C. Specific requirement that must be met

Quality metrics describe the specific, measurable and unambiguous product, process or project requirements that must be met.

Question 56

The team completed a methodical inspection of a software module to determine if it meets the agreed-upon quality requirements. As a result, several product errors were recorded in the quality log. The team will now correct nonconforming elements. Which of the following activities will the team perform?

A. Quality inspection
B. Corrective action
C. Defect repair
D. Quality audit

Answer 56

C. Defect repair

Defect repair is work required to correct nonconforming elements.

Question 57

You are the project manager in an oil-refinery expansion project. You have just completed a preliminary work breakdown structure, schedule and cost estimate. Which of the following would help you to plan quality management?

A. Identify process improvements and describe how quality Will be managed to implement the existing quality policies
B. Determine the project quality standards and compare these standards with the industry best practices
C. Prepare quality control forms and quality checklists to guide the control quality process
D. Determine quality metrics and conduct an independent evaluation of quality compliance

Answer 57

B. Determine the project quality standards and compare these standards with the industry best practices

Project quality standards are determined and compared to the industry best practices in quality management planning (answer B). Identifying process improvements (answer A), preparing quality control forms and quality checklists (answer C) and independent evaluations of quality compliance (answer D) are not part of quality management planning.

Question 58

The team completed a methodical inspection of a software module to determine if it meets the agreed-upon quality requirements. As a result, several nonconforming elements were identified. Quality control is primarily concerned with:

A. Common causes of process variation
B. Assignable causes of process variation
C. Defining specification limits
D. Benchmarking best practices

Answer 58

B. Assignable causes of process variation

The control quality process is concerned with verifying if a process is under control and correcting any defect. An assignable cause in a control chart means that the process is out of control and that an effort should be made to identify the causes that led to the nonconformity.

Question 59

A small and under-skilled agile team is developing a virtual reality headset. At the beginning of the first sprint, team members and the product owner are reviewing the prioritized product backlog items to agree on what can be done in the sprint. How can they determine the amount of work required to complete each product backlog item?

A. Define the tasks that can be completed within the sprint timebox
B. Define the tasks according to the item acceptance criteria and the definition of done
C. Define the work required to complete the sprint within the timebox
D. Define the tasks required to complete the item without significant defects

Answer 59

B. Define the tasks according to the item acceptance criteria and the definition of done

Items should be completed according to their acceptance criteria and the adopted Definition of Done.

Question 60

The team is looking for obstacles and non-value-added activities. What activity can BEST be used to support the team’s purpose?

A. Use a fishbone diagram
B. Benchmarking
C. Using a quality checklists
D. Implementing process improvements

Answer 60

D. Implementing process improvements

Process improvement looks for obstacles and non-value-added activities.

Question 61

You are leading an agile team that is delivering a highly anticipated product. After completing seven sprints, the sponsor is upset that the product is not performing as expected and will require additional sprints to address performance issues. How should you proceed (Choose two.)

A. Work with the project team to improve the definition of done
B. Improve the definition of ready
C. Schedule additional sprints for test-related activities
D. Invite the sponsor to attend the sprint retrospectives
E. Encourage the sponsor to attend the sprint reviews to regularly inspect the product and progress

Answer 61

A. Work with the project team to improve the definition of done
E. Encourage the sponsor to attend the sprint reviews to regularly inspect the product and progress

The definition of done reflects the team’s common understanding of the meaning of completing a product backlog item (answer A). The sprint review is an opportunity for the sponsor to inspect and adapt the product more regularly (answer E).

Question 62

An agile team is implementing new business processes. At the end of the tenth sprint, senior management is surprised with the amount of product defects. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

A. Senior management did not attend the sprint review events
B. Senior management did not establish a definition of done
C. The project manager is not using a Gantt chart to report performance
D. The project manager did not implement a change control process

Answer 62

A. Senior management did not attend the sprint review events

The sprint review is an opportunity to inspect and adapt the emerging product and to engage stakeholders.

Question 63

The customer is happy because the project went beyond expectations and requirements. The project is considered to be:

A. In conformance to requirements
B. Successful
C. Unsuccessful
D. There is not enough information to make an assessment

Answer 63

C. Unsuccessful

The project experienced scope creep because it went beyond requirements. Therefore the project was unsuccessful.

Question 64

You are managing an engine manufacturing project. Which of the following sets of tools and techniques would help you to manage quality?

A. Cause-and-effect-diagrams and product analysis
B. Design for X and cause and effect diagrams
C. Inspections and prototypes
D. Flow charts and context diagrams

Answer 64

B. Design for X and cause and effect diagrams

Design for X and cause and effect diagrams may be used by the manage quality process (answer B). The product analysis technique is used to define project deliverables (answer A). Inspections are part ofthe control quality process (answer C). Prototypes and context diagrams are part of the collect requirements process (answers C and D).

Question 65

You are using a control chart to assess if the change control process is under control. The control chart shows Six consecutive measurements outside the control limit. What will you do?

A. Disregard because the measurements are within the specification limits
B. Analyze the cause of the process variation to determine further action
C. Disregard because a rule of seven has not occurred
D. Adjust the control limits to ensure that the process remains under control

Answer 65

B. Analyze the cause of the process variation to determine further action

One single measurement point outside the control limit signals that the process is not under control and requires intervention.

Question 66

An external team was hired to conduct an independent assessment to determine if the quality management activities comply with applicable processes. Which of the following should be done before initiating this assessment?

A. Prepare a report highlighting good practices implemented in similar projects
B. Develop quality inspection checklists
C. Prepare test and evaluation documents
D. Collect quality control measurements

Answer 66

D. Collect quality control measurements

Quality control measurements are a critical input to quality audits (answer D). A quality report highlighting quality benchmarks (answer A) may be prepared as part of the quality audit but would not be prepared before the audit. Quality inspection checklists may be used during the quality control process (answer B). Test and evaluation documents (answer C) are inputs to quality control inspections.

Question 67

A team member is conducting regular walkthroughs to verify if an aircraft engine is being repaired according to quality standards. The team member is performing a:

A. Quality inspection
B. Quality audit
C. Status meeting
D. Process analysis

Answer 67

A. Quality inspection

An inspection is a verification to determine if a deliverable meets the specified quality requirements.

Question 68

Two weeks before the scheduled finish date, your project still has a significant number of open product defects. You are ordering defects by number of occurrences. Which tool are you using?

A. Cause-and-effect diagrams
B. Scatter diagrams
C. Pareto diagrams
D. Control charts

Answer 68

C. Pareto diagrams

The Pareto diagram is used to graphically display the most common causes of defects, the most frequent type of defects, or the most frequent customer complaints, ordered by the number of times they occur.

Question 69

Matthew is managing the company’s Oil and gas project. Matthew wants to determine the combination of resources that minimizes quality-related costs. What technique should Matthew use?

A. Design of experiments
B. Staffing management plan
C. Resource breakdown structure
D. Cost breakdown structure

Answer 69

A. Design of experiments

The design of experiments is a quality planning tool that statistically analyzes the influence of different variables on a specific overall result. In this example, the analyzed variables are resources and the overall result is the project cost.

Question 70

You are starting a new robotic system development project. To manage customer satisfaction throughout the project you should you rely on:

A. Continuously introducing small enhancements
B. Exceeding expectations
C. Defining requirements that adequately address the customer’s needs and expectations and then meet all the agreed-upon requirements
D. Minimizing undetected errors

Answer 70

C. Defining requirements that adequately address the customer’s needs and expectations and then meet all the agreed-upon requirements

A fundamental principle of quality management is that the project should address customer satisfaction through a combination of fitness for use and conformance to requirements. Continuously introducing small enhancements (answer A) and minimizing undetected errors (answer D) do not ensure customer satisfaction. Exceeding expectations (answer B) is not aligned with the conformance to requirements principle.

Question 71

The customer is extremely pleased with the quality of the project that went well beyond what was planned. How would you describe the project’s performance?

A. There is not enough information
B. It was a success because the customer is happy
C. It was unsuccessful
D. It was a success because the quality exceeded what was planned

Answer 71

C. It was unsuccessful

The project experienced scope creep because it went beyond requirements. therefore the project was unsucessful.

Question 72

The team recommended the implementation of a best practice based on the quality audit report. What should be done next?

A. Perform a cost-benefit analysis
B. Update the quality management plan
C. Complete a quality inspection
D. Assess the potential change

Answer 72

D. Assess the potential change

A change request may be issued to implement the best practice. A cost-benefit analysis (answer A) should have already been done before recommending the best practice. The quality management plan (answer B) should only be updated after processing the change request. Quality inspections (answer C) are not used to implement best practices.

Question 73

After several months, the volume of product defects is mounting up. The team collected quality control measurements manually using simple forms. What is the role of quality control measurements in quality management?

A. Provide quality attributes to enable control
B. Provide a quality baseline
C. Are the actual values
D. Are processes used to guide control inspections

Answer 73

C. Are the actual values

Quality control measurements are the actual values obtained by the quality control inspections.

Question 74

During sprint planning an agile team is pulling items from the product backlog into the sprint backlog. However, the team is struggling to find items that are small enough to be completed within a single sprint. Which of the following practices would you recommend?

A. Definition of ready
B. Acceptance criteria
C. Definition of done
D. spike

Answer 74

A. Definition of ready

The definition of ready reflects the team’s common understanding of the conditions required to start working on a product backlog item. As part of the definition of ready, product backlog items should be small enough to be fully completed within a single sprint.

Question 75

Your company is using scrum to design a coffee machine. After several months, the volume of product defects is mounting up. Senior management is unpleased and requested two additional sprints to correct the existing defects. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A. The scrum master is not been managing the sprint progress effectively
B. The product owner did not plan all the required testing activities
C. The product own did not attend the sprint planning events
D. The team did not adhere to the definition of done

Answer 75

D. The team did not adhere to the definition of done

The definition of done reflects the team’s common understanding of the meaning of completing a product backlog item.

Question 76

The project team is currently analyzing the quality of the adopted processes. This process analysis can be used to:

A. Address processes showing assignable causes of variation
B. Adjust the process specification limits
C. Identify process improvement opportunities
D. Determine the most suitable level of quality

Answer 76

C. Identify process improvement opportunities

Process analysis identifies process improvement opportunities. It is not focused on repairing defects (answer A) or planning quality management (answers B and D).

Question 77

You have been using control charts to manage the project management processes. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of control charts?

A. Forecast future process performance
B. Establish adequate process quality metrics
C. Determine why a process is not being performed according to requirements
D. Verify if a process has a predictable performance

Answer 77

D. Verify if a process has a predictable performance

A control chart graphically represents data to assess if the deliverable, process or project performance is under control or requires intervention.

Question 78

The quality control team has collected the following quality control measurements regarding the speed measured in seconds of an electronic process: 2.24 sec, 1.92 sec, 1.88 sec, 2.32 sec, 2.08 sec,
1.96 sec, 2.13 sec, 1.73 sec, 2.81 sec and 1.94 sec. The control limits are 1.70 and 2.30 sec, while the specification limits are 1.6 and 2.4. How should the control team proceed?

A. Adjust the control limits
B. No action is required because the process in under control
C. Find an assignable cause
D. Inform the customer

Answer 78

C. Find an assignable cause

The value 2.81 sec is outside the control limit and the specification limits. Therefore the process in not under control and Will not be accepted by the customer. The team should find the assignable cause.

Question 79

A project phase was completed with a history of quality issues. Which ofthe following would help you the MOST?

A. Control chart
B. Ishikawa
C. Scatter diagram
D. Pareto chart

Answer 79

B. Ishikawa

If a project phase was completed with a history of quality issues, the team should investigate the causes of those issues. The Ishikawa diagram can reveal the problems’ root-causes and is therefore a good option. None of the other options can be used to determine the cause of the issues.

Question 80

You need to determine the most suitable level of quality, considering both proactive and reactive quality costs. The team is analyzing the savings generated by a one-unit increase in quality spending. What technique is the team using?

A. Plan quality management
B. Cost of quality
C. Sensitivity analysis
D. Marginal analysis

Answer 80

D. Marginal analysis

In quality management, the marginal analysis concepts refers to the process of analyzing the incremental savings generated by a one unit increase in quality spending. Optimal level of quality is achieved when the benefits generated by the quality increase equal the required costs to secure it. Option A is a process and not a technique.

Question 81

A friend of yours, Who is a project manager, is struggling to distinguish quality management planning from quality assurance. You should tell him that:

A. Quality management planning is only required at the beginning of the project
B. Quality assurance must be conducted by external auditors that are not part of the project, while quality management planning is conducted by team members
C. Quality assurance determines if deliverables meet the agreed-upon quality requirements and if defect repairs are required, while quality management planning determines quality metrics
D. Quality management planning defines a common understanding of how quality Will be managed, while quality assurance provides an independent mechanism to assure stakeholders that the project adopts and complies with relevant standards

Answer 81

D. Quality management planning defines a common understanding of how quality Will be managed, while quality assurance provides an independent mechanism to assure stakeholders that the project adopts and complies with relevant standards

Quality management planning defines a common understanding of how quality Will be managed, while quality assurance provides an independent mechanism to assure stakeholders that the project adopts and complies with relevant standards (answer D). Quality management planning may be required at predefined points in the project (answer A). Quality assurance may be conducted by internal auditors (answer B). Quality control determines if deliverables meet the agreed-upon quality requirements and if defect repairs are required (answer C).

Question 82

Management is worried that the project Will not be delivered according to planned quality. The project manager should:

A. Review the quality management plan
B. Meet with management and provide information regarding the adopted quality management approach
C. Prepare a quality inspection
D. Prepare a quality audit

Answer 82

D. Prepare a quality audit

A quality audit is an independent evaluation of project compliance led by internal or external auditors. It can effectively raise stakeholders’ confidence regarding the project’s quality. Before completing a quality audit, we have no information to sustain that the quality management plan needs to be reviewed (answer A). Meeting with management and providing information regarding the
adopted quality management (answer B) could not offer the same
independence and structure as a quality audit. A quality inspection (answer D) would help to determine if specific deliverables meet requirements, but is not enough to provide confidence regarding the project quality management.

Question 83

One month before the project deadline, the project manager wants the team to be focused on correcting the defects that occur more often. Which of the following tools would best support the project manager’s purpose?

A. Checklist
B. Fishbone diagram
C. Control chart
D. Pareto chart

Answer 83

D. Pareto chart

The Pareto Diagram can be used to graphically display the most common causes of defects ordered by the number of times they occur.

Question 84

An organization hired you to support the transition from conventional project management to agile project management. You believe that quality should be improved by continuously introducing small enhancements. Which of the following practices implement the continuous improvement philosophy? (Choose two.)

A. Test-driven development
B. Retrospective
C. Metaphor
D. Spike
E. Inspection

Answer 84

B. Retrospective
D. Spike

Agile teams adopt retrospectives as opportunities to reflect on their practices and identify improvement actions that can be implemented in future iterations (answer B). Agile teams may need to run an experiment to explore potential improvement opportunities (answer D).

Question 85

Your company is known for releasing high-quality products, with little or no defects. You want to ensure that the project deliverables meet agreed-upon requirements. You want to ensure that the quality. Which of the following statements regarding quality management is incorrect?

A. The team focus should be focused on designing quality into the product
B. The quality audit team is ultimately responsible for the project quality
C. The project manager should manage the project, process and product quality
D. The project team should continuously improve its processes

Answer 85

B. The quality audit team is ultimately responsible for the project quality

The project manager is accountable for the overall project quality. All other statements are correct.

Question 86

Team members are conducting a sprint retrospective to reflect on their practices. During the retrospective, one team member suggested that the team should add a spike to the product backlog.
Which of the following are valid reasons to carry out a spike? Choose three.)

A. Ensure that the team has an opportunity to reflect on their practices.
B. Select the best development approach
C. Ensure that the product is not fragmented
D. Decide whether the team should develop or procure a product component
E. Learn more about a user story before the team can estimate it.
F. Define clear acceptance test criteria before developing an item

Answer 86

B. Select the best development approach
D. Decide whether the team should develop or procure a product component
E. Learn more about a user story before the team can estimate it.

Agile teams may need to run a spike to explore potential improvement opportunities and to select the best approach, or to learn more about a user story before it can estimate it (answers B, D, E). Retrospectives ensure that the team has an opportunity to reflect on their practices (answer A). Continuous Integration is focused on ensuring that the product is not fragmented (answer C).

Question 87

Management is worried that the project will not meet the quality standards. The project team should collect:

A. Performance reports
B. Organizational process assets
C. Quality improvements
D. Quality control measurements

Answer 87

D. Quality control measurements

The team should perform a quality audit. To do so, it requires quality control measurements.

Question 88

You are using a flowchart to understand and estimate the cost of quality in a process. Before moving on to the next process you should:

A. Complete the quality management plan
B. Complete a quality audit
C. Complete the project budget
D. Complete a quality inspection

Answer 88

A. Complete the quality management plan

You are estimating the cost of quality in a process. Therefore, you are planning quality management. The only available option that is still part of planning quality management is completing a process improvement plan.

Question 89

The team is analyzing the steps in its product testing process to identify and remove steps that do not add value. Which practice is the team performing?

A. Value stream mapping
B. Capability maturity model integration
C. Test-driven development
D. Refactoring

Answer 89

A. Value stream mapping

Value stream mapping is a process improvement model that analyzes the value added by all the steps in a process to identify and remove the wasteful steps.

Question 90

You need to determine the most suitable level of quality, considering both proactive and reactive quality costs. Which of the following represents a conformance cost?

A. Excessive maintenance costs
B. Establishing quality management roles and responsibilities
C. Penalties for contract breaches
D. Rework

Answer 90

B. Establishing quality management roles and responsibilities

Establishing quality management roles and responsibilities is an example of a conformance cost (answer B). The remaining answers are examples of nonconformance costs.

Question 91

After developing the project management plan of your educational game development project, the sponsor wants to reduce costs by spending less time testing and inspecting the product. Which of the
following would help you to justify your current project management plan?

A. Conformance to requirements
B. Cost of quality
C. Fitness for use
D. Continuous improvement

Answer 91

B. Cost of quality

The cost of quality technique analyzes the trade-offs between conformance and nonconformance costs. Decreasing conformance costs by spending less time testing and inspecting the product would increase nonconformance costs.