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RUSVM Therio > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is the process of acquiring reproductive competence

A

Puberty

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2
Q

How does feminization/defemnization occur at the brain?

A

In females, @FP binds E2 and prevents it from entering brain (no exposure to estradiol —> feminization)

In males, testosterone is able to enter brains and is converted to estradiol —> masculinization

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3
Q

What is the physiologic definition of puberty?

A

When specific nuclear are capable of releasing adequate quantities of GnRH to :

Cause gonadotropin release
Ultimately cause ovulation and spermatogenesis

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4
Q

Development of hypothalmic nuclei are dependent on what factors?

A

Threshold bodyweight **

Nutritional factors 
Environmental factors 
Social cues 
Photoperiod 
Genetics
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5
Q

What is the average age of puberty in bovine?

A

11months

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6
Q

Average age of puberty in equine

A

Male 14months

Female 1months

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7
Q

Average age of puberty in canine

A

6-12months

Breed and size effects

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8
Q

What is the average age of puberty in felines?

A

5-9months

Breed a photoperiod effects

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9
Q

What muscle is involved in raising and lower the testicles

A

Cremaster muscle

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10
Q

What type of penis does the stallion have?

A

Musculocavernosus
Mushroom shaped with slight protrusion of urethral process

No sigmoid flexure

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11
Q

What accessory glands are present in the stallion?

A

Vesicular glands
Ampullae
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland

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12
Q

What type of penis is in the bull?

A

Fibroelastic with sigmoid flexure

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13
Q

What accessory glands does the bull have?

A

Vesicular glands
Ampullae
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland

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14
Q

What type of penis does the boar have?

A

Fibroelastic with sigmoid flexure, corkscrew with a left hand thread

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15
Q

What accessory glands does the boar have?

A

Vesicular glands
Bulbourethral glands
Prostate

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16
Q

What type of penis does the male dog have?

A

Musculovascular
With os penis

Substantial glans penis which is divided into the bulbus glandis (proximally) and the pars longa glandis (distally)

17
Q

What accessory glands does the male dog have?

A

Prostate

18
Q

Where do the 3 fractions of ejaculate come from the in the dog?

A

Prostate

Tail of epididymis

Prostate

19
Q

What type of penis does the tom have?

A

Musculovascular

With penile spines (keratinzied papillae)

20
Q

What accessory glands does the tomcat have?

A

Prostate

Bulbourethral

21
Q

How are the testicles kept at optimal temperature?

A

Plexus pampiniformis

Counter current heat exchange

Cremaster muscle works to elevate and lower testicles based on temperature

22
Q

Where does sperm gain its motility?

A

Tail of the epididymis

23
Q

What hormones contribute to development of sperm?

A

Basal levels of GnRH (frequent, intermittent bursts) —> LH and FSH

Leydig cells contain receptors for LH and produce testosterone

Steroli cells contain receptors for FSH and covert testosterone to estradiol

High levels of DHT, T and E2 negatively feedback to tonic center

24
Q

What effect does testosterone have in the Sertoli cells

A

Bound by androgen binding protein and transported to lumen of seminiferous tubules for transport to epididymis

Converted to estradiol

25
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Seminiferous tubules

26
Q

What are the steps of spermatogenesis?

A

Proliferation phase - mitotic division (2n)

Meiotic phase
Primary oocyte (2N -> 4n -> 2N -> N)
—> allows for genetic diversity by replication and cross over

Differentiation phase
No further cell divisions
Spermatid transforms into spermatozoa (from spherical to head+midpiece+flagellum)

27
Q

How long does it take for spermatogenesis in the bull?

A

61days

28
Q

Duration of spermatogenesis in the stallion?

A

55days

29
Q

Duration of spermatogenesis in the boar?

A

39days

RUSVM Therio (20 decks)

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