Canine Pharmaceuticals And Infectious Dz Flashcards by Corinne Perra

What is a split estrus?

Short interval between clinical signs of proestrus (2-12weeks)

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What drug can be used to delay the next estrus cycle?

Megestrol acetate (ovaban) —> progestin

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In what species is megestrol acetate (ovaban) contraindicated?

Cats

Causes diabetes mellitus

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What are consequences of supplementing progesterone?

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)

Pyometra

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What are supplemental progesterone?

Depoprovera (medroxyprogestrone acetate)

Prometrium (micronized progesterone)

Regumate (altrenogest)

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How low should natural progesterone be before you consider supplementing?

3ng/ml or lower

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Why do you want to wait until at least 45days of pregnancy to supplement progesterone?

Minimize masculinization of female pups, cryptorchidism in males

Also can cause prolonged gestation

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Why should you remove supplemental progesterone 2-3 days prior to due date?

Allows cervix to relax adequately

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What is the use of milbolerone?

Contraceptive

Androgenic compound —> preventing release of LH by negative feedback -> prevents estrus

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Why is mibolerone contraindicated in cats?

Liver toxicity

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When must mibolerone be started?

30 days prior to next anticipated cycle

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Side effects of mibolerone?

Clitoral hypertrophy
Vaginitis

Estrogen toxicity

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What can you use to treat a short interestrus cycle in bitches?

Milbolerone

Put on to achieve at least a 5 month IEI

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What is used occasionally as a contraceptive in racing greyhounds?

Testosterone

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What is the use of Deslorelin

GnRH analogue

Contraceptive, behavioral control, treat prostatic enlargement

Down regulates pituitary gonadal axis
Safe and reversible

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What can be used to terminate a pregnancy in the case of “mismating”?

Estrogen

Estradiol cypronate

Estrone

—> causes “tubular lockage” and disrupts/alters uterine environment (sperm transport, capacitation, fertilization, and oviductal environment)

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What is a side effect of estrogen “mismating shots”?

Pyometra

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Signs of estrogen toxicity?

Bone marrow suppression

Lethal and irreversible

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What are alternatives to giving a mismating shot?

Spay once in diestrus

Wait until day 28-30
Confirm preg with US
Abort at that time

Allow whelping

euthanasia of pups
placement of pups

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Products that can be used for aborting early mismating?

Aglepristone — only in Europe’s

Mifepristone (human product)
Binds progesterone and glucocorticoids receptors —> lack of progesterone.. unable to support pregnancy

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What products can be used to abort pregnancy after the 2nd trimester ?

Prostaglandins —> multiple small injections will lyse CL of bitch or queen

Prolactin inhibitors
- bromocriptine (dopamine agonsit)
-cabergoline (serotonin antagonist)
—> luteotrophic in bitch and queen, lyse CL

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What other uses does prostaglanin have?

Treatment of pyometra, retained placenta, mismating, and collection of males

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Before mid gestation, what can you use to induce abortion?

Lutalyse

Prolactin will not be luteotrophic before mid gestation so bromocriptine or cabergoline is not effective until after mid gestation

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Why would you induce estrus?

Bitch has not come back into estrus for prolonged period of time

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What drug is used to induce estrus?

Cabergoline Don’t do this... bad side effects

What is canine /pesudopregnancy

Syndrome of mammary development, galactorrhea, nesting behaviour, mothering behaviour, without pregnancy

Treatment for canine pseudopregancy?

``` Cabergoline Time Testosterone Milerone Bromocriptine ```

How can you prevent premature uterine contractions?

Terbutaline — B2 agonsit Progesterone can also help if terbutaline not completely effective

What drug treatment can you used for a bitchy that whelps with little or no milk?

Domperidone Rarely used—- pups fostered out usually

How can you confirm diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome ?

AMH — singe test diagnostic Cytology indicating proestrus/estrus US- soft tissue mass Hormones — estradiol <20pg/ml GnRH or hCG

What is your dx for a prepubertal puppy that has a small about of purulent discharge ?

Vaginitis R/O concurrent cystitis

What is the treatment of vaginitis in the puppy?

Post pone spay until it resolves Goes away with first estrus Estrogen therapy to control urinary incontinence

What must you R/O of your differentials for adult onset vaginitis?

Skin dz — perivulvar dermatitis Anatomical- inervtered juvenile vulva Foreign bodies Tumors

Treatment for adult vaginitis?

DES to thicken vaginal epithelium and improve urinary incontinence Estrogen cream Premarin tablet (conjugated estrogens) Continue until >70% anucleated superficial cells then maintain 10days more

What treatment can be done for serous cases of adult vaginitis?

Episioplasty — removal of excess skin folds around the vulva Allows freer voiding of urine

How is brucella canis transmitted?

Through mucous membrane contact with organism

Clinical signs caused by brucella?

Abortion —> placentitis Orchitis/epididymitis

T/F: all dogs with enlarged testes should be tested for canine brucellosis?

True

Treatment for brucella?

Castration and antibiotics Removal from breeding stock

How can you diagnose brucella canis?

Culture Rapid slide agglutination — good screening Tube agglutination test Agar gel immunodiffusion test Immunofluorescence antibody test PCR

What is the cause of false postives in rapid agglutination test for brucella?

Early in disease process Can detect dogs 12weeeks after inferno

What does brucella cross react with that can give a false positive?

Yersinia

What do you do if an animal tests postive on routine screen for brucella?

AGID to rule out false positive

What do you do if an animal tests positive for brucella and is showing clinical signs/

Blood or discharge clutlure

What should you do if on routine screen and animal tests negative for brucella?

No other tests needed

What should you do if an animal tests negative for brucella but is showing clinical signs?

3 monthly tests to rule out false neg

How can brucella canis be prevented?

Test new additions Test all breeding animal annually to biannually — females prior to breeding AI can decrease male exposure

If you culture mycoplasma from a repro tract of a dog with low conception rates and high fetal respiration... how would you treat?

Doxycycline

Canine herpesvirus causes what reproductive abnormalities?

Neonatal deaths primarily Placentitis, abortion, stillbirths High morbidity

During what time frame are bitche infected with canine herpesvirus?

Last three weeks of pregnancy and first three weeks of neonatal life

Clinical signs for puppies affected by canine herpesvirus?

Fading puppy syndrome — crying, greenish stool, abdominal pain High mortality Necropsy — petechial hemorrhages in kidney, liver, lung and spleen

When should testes be descended into the scrotum?

By 10 days Both testicles should be descended into the scrotum by 16weeks, but not considered cryptorchid until 6 months (inguinal canal is closed by 6 months)

How can you confirm cryporchidism?

AMH 500IU hCG Baseline testosterone, 4hr then 8 hr Should more than double baseline if testes are present

Best treatment for testicular torsion?

Bilateral orchidectomy

T/F: autoantibodies can form against testicular tissue after testicular torsion?

True

What are the tumors of the testicle from most of least common?

Sertoli cell > seminoma ? Leydig/ intersitial cells

Which of the testicular tumors are hormone producing and have paraneoplasic syndrome?

Sertoli cell — estrogen secretion Lydia — testosterone

Clincial signs assoicated with Sertoli cell tumors?

Feminization ``` Pancytopenia Anemia Bilateral symmetrical alopecia Hyperpigmentation of inguinal area Dry skin Gynecomastia Prostatitis. Pendulous prepuse Bone marrow hypoplasia ```

T/F: cryptorchid testes are more likely to develop neoplasm

True Sertoli cell incidence up by 13.6x All tumors up by 23x

T/F: TVT causes azoopermia

False

What type of tumor is a TVT?

Round cell tumor - looks like a histiocytoma

What is the most commonly diagnosed prostatic dz of older intact dogs?

Benign prostatic hypertrophy | —characteristic ribbon like flat feces

Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia>

5a reductase inhibitors (blocks action of testosterone) Castration