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RUSVM Therio > Canine Pharmaceuticals And Infectious Dz > Flashcards

Canine Pharmaceuticals And Infectious Dz Flashcards

1
Q

What is a split estrus?

A

Short interval between clinical signs of proestrus (2-12weeks)

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2
Q

What drug can be used to delay the next estrus cycle?

A

Megestrol acetate (ovaban) —> progestin

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3
Q

In what species is megestrol acetate (ovaban) contraindicated?

A

Cats

Causes diabetes mellitus

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4
Q

What are consequences of supplementing progesterone?

A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)

Pyometra

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5
Q

What are supplemental progesterone?

A

Depoprovera (medroxyprogestrone acetate)

Prometrium (micronized progesterone)

Regumate (altrenogest)

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6
Q

How low should natural progesterone be before you consider supplementing?

A

3ng/ml or lower

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7
Q

Why do you want to wait until at least 45days of pregnancy to supplement progesterone?

A

Minimize masculinization of female pups, cryptorchidism in males

Also can cause prolonged gestation

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8
Q

Why should you remove supplemental progesterone 2-3 days prior to due date?

A

Allows cervix to relax adequately

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9
Q

What is the use of milbolerone?

A

Contraceptive

Androgenic compound —> preventing release of LH by negative feedback -> prevents estrus

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10
Q

Why is mibolerone contraindicated in cats?

A

Liver toxicity

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11
Q

When must mibolerone be started?

A

30 days prior to next anticipated cycle

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12
Q

Side effects of mibolerone?

A

Clitoral hypertrophy
Vaginitis

Estrogen toxicity

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13
Q

What can you use to treat a short interestrus cycle in bitches?

A

Milbolerone

Put on to achieve at least a 5 month IEI

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14
Q

What is used occasionally as a contraceptive in racing greyhounds?

A

Testosterone

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15
Q

What is the use of Deslorelin

A

GnRH analogue

Contraceptive, behavioral control, treat prostatic enlargement

Down regulates pituitary gonadal axis
Safe and reversible

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16
Q

What can be used to terminate a pregnancy in the case of “mismating”?

A

Estrogen

Estradiol cypronate

Estrone

—> causes “tubular lockage” and disrupts/alters uterine environment (sperm transport, capacitation, fertilization, and oviductal environment)

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17
Q

What is a side effect of estrogen “mismating shots”?

A

Pyometra

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18
Q

Signs of estrogen toxicity?

A

Bone marrow suppression

Lethal and irreversible

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19
Q

What are alternatives to giving a mismating shot?

A

Spay once in diestrus

Wait until day 28-30
Confirm preg with US
Abort at that time

Allow whelping

  • euthanasia of pups
  • placement of pups
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20
Q

Products that can be used for aborting early mismating?

A

Aglepristone — only in Europe’s

Mifepristone (human product)
Binds progesterone and glucocorticoids receptors —> lack of progesterone.. unable to support pregnancy

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21
Q

What products can be used to abort pregnancy after the 2nd trimester ?

A

Prostaglandins —> multiple small injections will lyse CL of bitch or queen

Prolactin inhibitors
- bromocriptine (dopamine agonsit)
-cabergoline (serotonin antagonist)
—> luteotrophic in bitch and queen, lyse CL

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22
Q

What other uses does prostaglanin have?

A

Treatment of pyometra, retained placenta, mismating, and collection of males

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23
Q

Before mid gestation, what can you use to induce abortion?

A

Lutalyse

Prolactin will not be luteotrophic before mid gestation so bromocriptine or cabergoline is not effective until after mid gestation

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24
Q

Why would you induce estrus?

A

Bitch has not come back into estrus for prolonged period of time

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25
Q

What drug is used to induce estrus?

A

Cabergoline

Don’t do this… bad side effects

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26
Q

What is canine /pesudopregnancy

A

Syndrome of mammary development, galactorrhea, nesting behaviour, mothering behaviour, without pregnancy

27
Q

Treatment for canine pseudopregancy?

A 
Cabergoline 
Time 
Testosterone 
Milerone 
Bromocriptine
28
Q

How can you prevent premature uterine contractions?

A

Terbutaline — B2 agonsit

Progesterone can also help if terbutaline not completely effective

29
Q

What drug treatment can you used for a bitchy that whelps with little or no milk?

A

Domperidone

Rarely used—- pups fostered out usually

30
Q

How can you confirm diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome ?

A

AMH — singe test diagnostic

Cytology indicating proestrus/estrus
US- soft tissue mass
Hormones — estradiol <20pg/ml
GnRH or hCG

31
Q

What is your dx for a prepubertal puppy that has a small about of purulent discharge ?

A

Vaginitis

R/O concurrent cystitis

32
Q

What is the treatment of vaginitis in the puppy?

A

Post pone spay until it resolves
Goes away with first estrus

Estrogen therapy to control urinary incontinence

33
Q

What must you R/O of your differentials for adult onset vaginitis?

A

Skin dz — perivulvar dermatitis
Anatomical- inervtered juvenile vulva
Foreign bodies
Tumors

34
Q

Treatment for adult vaginitis?

A

DES to thicken vaginal epithelium and improve urinary incontinence

Estrogen cream

Premarin tablet (conjugated estrogens)

Continue until >70% anucleated superficial cells then maintain 10days more

35
Q

What treatment can be done for serous cases of adult vaginitis?

A

Episioplasty — removal of excess skin folds around the vulva

Allows freer voiding of urine

36
Q

How is brucella canis transmitted?

A

Through mucous membrane contact with organism

37
Q

Clinical signs caused by brucella?

A

Abortion —> placentitis

Orchitis/epididymitis

38
Q

T/F: all dogs with enlarged testes should be tested for canine brucellosis?

A

True

39
Q

Treatment for brucella?

A

Castration and antibiotics

Removal from breeding stock

40
Q

How can you diagnose brucella canis?

A

Culture

Rapid slide agglutination — good screening

Tube agglutination test

Agar gel immunodiffusion test

Immunofluorescence antibody test

PCR

41
Q

What is the cause of false postives in rapid agglutination test for brucella?

A

Early in disease process

Can detect dogs 12weeeks after inferno

42
Q

What does brucella cross react with that can give a false positive?

A

Yersinia

43
Q

What do you do if an animal tests postive on routine screen for brucella?

A

AGID to rule out false positive

44
Q

What do you do if an animal tests positive for brucella and is showing clinical signs/

A

Blood or discharge clutlure

45
Q

What should you do if on routine screen and animal tests negative for brucella?

A

No other tests needed

46
Q

What should you do if an animal tests negative for brucella but is showing clinical signs?

A

3 monthly tests to rule out false neg

47
Q

How can brucella canis be prevented?

A

Test new additions

Test all breeding animal annually to biannually — females prior to breeding

AI can decrease male exposure

48
Q

If you culture mycoplasma from a repro tract of a dog with low conception rates and high fetal respiration… how would you treat?

A

Doxycycline

49
Q

Canine herpesvirus causes what reproductive abnormalities?

A

Neonatal deaths primarily

Placentitis, abortion, stillbirths
High morbidity

50
Q

During what time frame are bitche infected with canine herpesvirus?

A

Last three weeks of pregnancy and first three weeks of neonatal life

51
Q

Clinical signs for puppies affected by canine herpesvirus?

A

Fading puppy syndrome — crying, greenish stool, abdominal pain

High mortality

Necropsy — petechial hemorrhages in kidney, liver, lung and spleen

52
Q

When should testes be descended into the scrotum?

A

By 10 days

Both testicles should be descended into the scrotum by 16weeks, but not considered cryptorchid until 6 months (inguinal canal is closed by 6 months)

53
Q

How can you confirm cryporchidism?

A

AMH

500IU hCG
Baseline testosterone, 4hr then 8 hr
Should more than double baseline if testes are present

54
Q

Best treatment for testicular torsion?

A

Bilateral orchidectomy

55
Q

T/F: autoantibodies can form against testicular tissue after testicular torsion?

A

True

56
Q

What are the tumors of the testicle from most of least common?

A

Sertoli cell > seminoma ? Leydig/ intersitial cells

57
Q

Which of the testicular tumors are hormone producing and have paraneoplasic syndrome?

A

Sertoli cell — estrogen secretion

Lydia — testosterone

58
Q

Clincial signs assoicated with Sertoli cell tumors?

A

Feminization

Pancytopenia 
Anemia 
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia 
Hyperpigmentation of inguinal area 
Dry skin 
Gynecomastia 
Prostatitis. 
Pendulous prepuse 
Bone marrow hypoplasia
59
Q

T/F: cryptorchid testes are more likely to develop neoplasm

A

True

Sertoli cell incidence up by 13.6x

All tumors up by 23x

60
Q

T/F: TVT causes azoopermia

A

False

61
Q

What type of tumor is a TVT?

A

Round cell tumor - looks like a histiocytoma

62
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed prostatic dz of older intact dogs?

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

—characteristic ribbon like flat feces

63
Q

Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia>

A

5a reductase inhibitors (blocks action of testosterone)

Castration

RUSVM Therio (20 decks)

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