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RUSVM Therio > Canine Estrous Cycle/ Breeding Managment > Flashcards

Canine Estrous Cycle/ Breeding Managment Flashcards

1
Q

When do dogs reach puberty?

A

6-10 months in small breeds

Can be up to 2yrs in large breed (eg Great Dane)

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2
Q

When do dogs have maximum reproductive capability?

A

At 2-4th estrus (about 3 years of life)

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3
Q

What is a splint/false heat?

A

Exhibit sings of proestrus (bleeding), but estrus may not occur immediately afterwards (may be days to weeks)

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4
Q

What is a silent heat?

A

Ovulation occurs in absence of proestrus-estrus behaviour/signs

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5
Q

What type of estrous cycle does the canine have ?

A

Monoestrus (1-2 cycles per year)

Non-seasonal usually

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6
Q

Length of anestrus in canine?

A

5months

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7
Q

Length of proestrus in canine

A

9d

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8
Q

Length of estrus in canine?

A

9 days

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9
Q

Length of diestrus in canine

A

2 months

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10
Q

What is the interestrus period?

A

Time from the beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next estrus

Average 7 months (range 4-12months)
Larger dogs tend to have shorter interestrus periods

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11
Q

What is the minimal intraestrus period?

A

4 months
—> fertility will be low if 90 days in anestrus is not achieved
Desqumation and repair period necessary after prolonged canine luteal phase

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12
Q

What breeds are predisposed to shorter interestrus periods?

A

Rottweiler

German shepherd

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13
Q

What is the response of the vaginal epithelial to estrogen?

A

Increase thickest
2-4 layers thick in anestrus —> 20-40 layers thick by end of proestrus

Protects vagina against trauma and prevents bacterial entry

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14
Q

T/F: cornification of vaginal epithelium can accurately predict time of receptivity, LH surge, or ovulation

A

False

— period of maximum cornification varies between bitches

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15
Q

How can receptivity, LH surge, or ovulation be accurately predicted?

A

Coordinated cytology with hormone concentrations and speculum examination

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16
Q

What type of cells do you see during proestrus?

A

Early — mostly parabasal, small and large intermediate cells

Late — mostly superficial cells. The edges are straight and the edges are flattened

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17
Q

What type of cells do you see in estrus?

A

Fully cornified

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18
Q

What type of cells do you see during diestrus?

A

Mostly parabasal cells, mostly non cornified

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19
Q

What are signs of proestrus?

A

Turgid swelling of vulva
Hemorrhagic vulvar discharge

Attracting males but non-receptive

  • early will grow/snap, show aggression
  • late will be passive, tuck tail and sit down when male attempts to mount

Edematous vaginal mucosa

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20
Q

What is the dominant hormone in proestrus?

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

What stage is this?
“Corn flake” cells —> cornified epithelium with large anuclear cells

RBC
WBC present

Debris in background

A

Proestrus

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22
Q

What stage is this ?

Estrogen dominates
LH and FSH low
Progesterone low

A

Proestrus

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23
Q

Signs of estrus?

A

Softening of vulvar swelling, scant blood discharge

Shrinking of vaginal mucosa
Max shrinkage called crenellations
Angled mucosa

Stands to be mounted a bred

  • tail to the side and elevated
  • vulva raises
  • stiffening of back legs
  • rolling of skin on back
24
Q

What stage is this?

Increasing progesterone
Estrogen falling
LH and FSH peaks

A

Estrus

25
Q

What stage is this?

A

> 90% cornified superficial epithelial cells
Anuclear

No WBC
Few RBC

Little to no debris in background

26
Q

The first sharp fries of P4 is correlated with?

A

LH peak

27
Q

Preovulatory rise is progesterone is due to ?

A

Follicular estrus luteinization

28
Q

What stage is this?

Non acceptance of mating

Round/smooth vaginal mucosa

Cytology shows parabasal and small intermediate cells

A

Diestrus (pregnancy or pseudo pregnancy)

29
Q

What hormone is associated with mammary development ?

A

Prolactin

30
Q

How does diestrus end?

A

Luteolytic PGF2a from the uterus

31
Q

Signs of anestrus?

A

So sexual interest from male to female or vice versa

Vulva not swollen

Both non cornified and cornified cellls
Neutrophils and bacteria may be present

Thin vagina wall, appears pale

Progesterone is baseline

32
Q

How many days after the beginning of proestrus do you want to begin diagnostic blood work?

A

3-4days

33
Q

Estrogen peaks during ______ and LH peaks during _____

A

Proestrus; estrus (1-2days into estrus)

34
Q

When does ovulation occur relative to the H surge?

A

24-48hrs after the LH surge

Ovulation takes about 24hrs to complete

35
Q

After the secondary oocyte is produced, it is viable for _____ days. If it is not fertilized in this time it will become atretic.

A

3-4

36
Q

What is the standard test for breeding managment?

A

Progesterone P4

Sample every other day

Can be done by ELISA, RIA or chemoluminescense

37
Q

What progesterone level coincides with LH peak?

A

2ngml

38
Q

What progesterone level coincides with the start of ovulation?

A

5ng/ml

Ovulating up to 8ng/ml

39
Q

At what level of progesterone is ovulation complete?

A

15 NG/ml

40
Q

At what level of progesterone does natural mating occur or fresh semen AI can be sued?

A

8.7 - 13.1

28-72 hours after ovulation starts (P4=5ng/ml)

41
Q

Cooled/chilled semen AI can be done when progesterone levels are _____

A

14.2

About 72-96 hours after ovulation starts, or 5ng/ml progesterone level

42
Q

Frozen semen AI can be done when progesterone level is _____

A

19.3-21.6

About 96hr after ovulation starts, or 5ng/ml progesterone

43
Q

How long does a fertilized embryo stay in the oviduct before entering the uterus?

A

9-10days (enters uterus as late morula or early blastocyst)

44
Q

LH assays are more definitive than progesterone, but what are the disadvantages ?

A

Must take daily blood samples

Spayed animals will have high LH because they have no negative feedback

45
Q

How many days post LH peak should you need your dog?

A

2-3days

46
Q

How many progressively motile sperm should the fertile male have?

A

200 x 10^6

Should have 80% normal morphology and 80% motility

47
Q

What are you evaluating for breeding soundness in the dog?

A

Scrotal measurements
—> normal
Log scrotal width = 0.324(log BWt)+1.249

Symmetry
— asymmetry may be indicative of testicular pathology such as degeneration or inflammation

48
Q

Methods of semen collection in the dog?

A

Manual stimulation (most common)

Chemical ejaculation (used in conjunction with manual stimulation, may increase sperm numbers))

Electroejaculation
Requires GA

49
Q

Where do the fractions of sperm come from?

A

Prostate, epididymis, prostate

50
Q

What is used for chemical ejaculation?

A

Oxytocin — 5IU SQ or IM 5-10mins prior to manual stim

Prostaglandin F2a —0.1 mg/kg SQ or IM 15min prior to manual stim

51
Q

What is normal concentration, total amount, and motility of sperm?

A

Concentration: 4-400 x 10^6/ml

Total sperm: 300-2,000 X10^6 / ml

Motility: at least 80% progressive

52
Q

If you are using frozen semen, what method of AI must you use?

A

Transcervical or surgical —> semen must go into uterus

Surgery: midline laparotomy, small ovules 22g needle into lumen

53
Q

What are reasons that breeding might not occur?

A

Female in proestrus

Vaginal anomaly

Arthritis in male— painful breeding

Prostatic pain in male

Penile issue

Breed
Uncooperative dogs

54
Q

T/F: vaginal strictures or bands are heritable and these dogs should not be bred.

A

False

Developmental defect

Can be bred, require AI, C section
Removal of bands

55
Q

What do you call when two males breed the same female during a single estrus?

A

Superfecundation

56
Q

What do you call a female that breeds and gets pregnant and then goes through another receptive period and gets pregnant again (will have fetuses of different ages)

A

Superfetation

NOT in dog.
Can occur in mice and rats

RUSVM Therio (20 decks)

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