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RUSVM Therio > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the trophoblast?

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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2
Q

What is the difference between an embryo and fetus?

A

Embryo - organism in early stages of development that has not acquired anatomical form that is readily recognizable in appearance as a member of a specific species

Fetus - recognizable as a species. Marked by placentation development

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3
Q

What trophoblastic layer do the gonads, and majority of the reproductive tracts develop from?>

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary develop from what trophoblastic layer?

A

Ectoderm

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5
Q

The vagina and vestibule or penis develops from what trophoblastic layer?

A

Ectoderm

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6
Q

What provides nourishment for the early embryo?

A

Yolk sac

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7
Q

What layer of the placenta is in contact with the mother?

A

Chorion

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8
Q

In the placenta, the embryo is contained within the ________ cavity

A

Amniotic cavity

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9
Q

T/F: organogenesis occurs outside the embryo

A

True

Brain and heart develop first

Body wall forms around them — > fetal membranes

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10
Q

Where do gonadotropes originate?

A

Originate from yolk sac and migrate into embryo to genital ridge to form ovaries/testies

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11
Q

What do you call the congenital disorder where there is exposure of abdominal visceral and spinal inversion because of a fissure in the ventral abdominal wall ?

A

Schistosomus reflexus

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12
Q

What is the gestation length of a cow?

A

285days

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13
Q

Gestation length of a dog?

A

62days

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14
Q

Gestation length of a horse?

A

340days

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15
Q

What reproductive events occur in the first trimester?

A

Migration of primordial germ cells from yolk sac

Sex cords develop in gonad, paramesonephric ducts

Sex evident from structures

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16
Q

What reproductive structures develop int he second trimester?

A

Develop into male Or female structures

Formation of broad ligament

17
Q

What occurs in the 3rd trimester in males

A

Testicular descent

18
Q

What is sex differentiation vs sex determination?

A

Sex differentiation: the process whereby a group of unspecialized cells develop into a functional group of cells with a common function

Sex determination: a system that determines the sexual characteristics of an organism which generally consists of genetic or hormonal parameters

19
Q

What do you call the chromosomal complement of an organism?

A

Karyotype

20
Q

What is genotype vs phenotype?

A

Genotype= genetic alleles coding for a specific trait

Phenotype = observed traits (dependent on genotype)

21
Q

What is a chimera?

A

Single organism composed of genetically distinct cells. Fusion of two zygotes in a single embryo

22
Q

What is a mosaic?

A

An individual with two different cell lines that originated from the same individual ( one zygote )

23
Q

What is chromosomal sex, vs gonadal sex vs phenotypic sex?

A

Chromosomal - XX or XY (karyotype)

Gonadal sex = presence of testies/ovaries/ovotestis (determined by Sry gene on Y chromosome)

Phenotypic sex = determined by substances produced in testis to cause regression of female tract and formation of male tract

24
Q

What structure forms the male efferent ducts but will regress in the female?

A

Mesonephros

25
Q

What structure will form the epididymis and ductus deferens but will regress in the female?

A

Mesonephric ducts

26
Q

What structure will develop into the uterus and oviduct and cranial vagina in the female but will regress in the male

A

Paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts)

27
Q

What do the primitive sex cords differentiate into in the male and the female?

A

Male - seminiferous tubules

Female - regress, primitive follicular cells

28
Q

What are the key players in sex determination?

A

Testies determining factor (TDF) and SRY region on Y chromosome. —> testicular Development and testosterone production

Dihydrotestosterone—> development of penis, scrotum, and accessory glands

Anti-mullerian hormone — > degeneration of paramesonephric duct

29
Q

During fetal maturation, the testis descend into the scrotum.. is responsible for this?

A

Gubernaculum

Attached at the inguinal ring to peritoneum

Shortening/fattening pulls testis from their position caudal to the kidney into the scrotum

RUSVM Therio (20 decks)

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