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RUSVM Therio > Bovine Breeding Management > Flashcards

Bovine Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty is generally seen when the heifer reaches _______% of adult body weight

A

50-60

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2
Q

What genotyical factors can influence puberty?

A

Inbreed — later onset

Cross breed- sooner onset

Bos Taurus earlier than bos indicus

Heifers from bulls large scrotal circumference

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3
Q

What is the most important factor in onset of puberty?

A

Body weight

Eg beef reach puberty at 9-12months and larger dairy cows tend to reach puberty at 10-15months

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4
Q

How long does have bovine spend in each phase of the estrous cycle?

A

Estrus — day 0

Metestrus — day 1 to 4

Diestrus —day 5 to 18

Proestrus — day 19 to behavioral estrus

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5
Q

What is the most definitive signs of estrus in the cow?

What other signs might be present?

A

Standing to me mounted

Increased restlessness 
Decreased rumination 
Decreased appetite 
Decreased milk production 
Bellowing

Clear vaginal mucus/discharge

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6
Q

What occurs in metestrus in the bovine estrous cycle?

A

Final follicular maturation
Ovulation
Formation of early CL —> progesterone

Bleeding off 1-3days after estrus

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7
Q

What occurs during diestrus ?

A

Period of CL dominance through luteolysis

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8
Q

What changes do you see in hormone levels during proestrus?

A

Decreased P4

Increased E2

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9
Q

How does breeding differ between beef and diary herds?

A

Beef -most are bred by bulls and have tight calving intervals

Dairy - most are bred by AI and have early round calving

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10
Q

Dairy cows are bred at _______ months

A

14-15months

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11
Q

When do dairy cows calve?

A

22-24months

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12
Q

What is the voluntary waiting period?

A

Time period after calving in which cow will not be bred

Usually 45-65days

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the dry period?

A

Allows mammary involution before heifer goes through caving

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14
Q

How long is the lactation period vs the dry off period?

A

Lactation 305 days

Dry period 60days

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15
Q

Software can help identify what for dairy herd managment?

A 
Open cows and okay to breed 
Not to breed
Fresh 
Bred and waiting preg check 
Pregnancy 
Dry 
Sold or died
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16
Q

What type of graph can be used to determine if you have proper estrus detection?

A

Q-sum graph

17
Q

How can you enhance estrus detection in a diary herd?

A

Proper cow ID

Separate into and observe small groups for heat

Ensure proper nutrition
Provide good footing

Maintain/assess accurate records

Train/assign heat detect to one person
Use estrus synchronization program s

Use estrus detection aids

18
Q

What are the estrus detection aids available?

A

Tail-head pressure monitors (Kamar, lottery tickets, tail paint, chalk, heatwatch)

Estrus detector animals (chin bull markers, homer/teaser bulls/androgenized heifer/steer)

Pedometer year

Vaginal fluid electrical resistance decreases during estrus

19
Q

What is a usual breeding period for a beef herd?/

A

21days

20
Q

What cardinal signs would you be looking for if you were detecting pregnancy in cows that were in a breeding pen for 3 months and removed form the pen 2 months ago?

A

Signs of pregnancy between 3-5months

Fetal membrane slip
Placentomes
Fetus

Anminotic vesicle would be too large to palpate

21
Q

What is a reasonable target for conception rates on the first cycle of the breeding period?

A

60% on first cycle.

Should have less than 10% open after 3 breeding cycles

22
Q

What is control vs synchronization of the estrous cycle?

A

Control = to hasten or delay onset of estrus

Synchronization = coordinated control of estrous in multiple animals

23
Q

What are advances of estrus synchronization?

A

Reduce the window of time when AI is appropriate

Reduce time spent in estrous detection

Enhance estrus detection due to anticipation/ increased display

Allow scheduling of breeding/inseminations

24
Q

What three products are used for manipulation of estrus synchronization?

A

Prostaglandin (lutalyse)
Progesterone (
GnRH (cystolrelin)

25
Q

What does lutalyse do?

A

Causes regression of CL

Estrus is displayed in 2-5days (only works during metestrus/diestrus )

26
Q

What are the most common methods of using lutalyse?

A

One shot —> observe cows for 7 days for signs of heat

  • if you observe in heat, breed
  • if you dont observe heat, give progesterone and they should move up to proestrus

Two hot —> give every cow a shot on day 0, wait 11 days and give a second shot qwauyaq

27
Q

How does MGA synchronize estrus?

A

Suppresses estrous (progesterone)

Lengthens luteal phase

28
Q

How is CIDR used ?

A

IUD
Recommended for 7 day time frame

Follicle stimulation
Initiate estrous in non-cycling females

29
Q

What are the advantages to CIDR?

A

By giving GnRJ we are inducing synchronous emergence of a follicular wave

Ovsynch — no heat detection required

All cows undergo timed insemination

RUSVM Therio (20 decks)

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