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Pathology II > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Fertile

A

•produce healthy sperm to fertilize an egg

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2
Q

Potency

A

•ability to engage in copulation

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3
Q

What 4 things cuase testicular degneration?

A

•Thermal

•

•Cryptorchidism

•

•Hypoplasia

•

•Chemical

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4
Q

Testicular Degeneration: •Thermal

A

–Spermatogonia sensitive to heat

•Local & Systemic Infections

–

–Results in cell degeneration (pressure atrophy/necrosis)

•Abnormal sperm morphology & function

•

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5
Q

Testicular degeneration: Cryptorchidism

A

•

–Congenital lesion

–Failure of one or both testis to descend to scrotum

–Located in abdomen or inguinal canal

–

–Fail to produce sperm

–Prone to testicular neoplasia

–Prone to torsion of spermatic cord

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6
Q
A

degeneration of the testes

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7
Q
A

testicular degeneration

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8
Q

Infection of the testes

A

–Local or systemic

–Bacterial ( eg. Brucella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Nocardia)

–Viruses ( eg. CDV, EVA, EIA)

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9
Q

term for inflammation of the testis

A

orchitis

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10
Q
A

orchitis

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11
Q
A

Orchitis

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12
Q

Sperm Granuloma

A
  • Foreign body inflammatory reaction to sperm which have escaped tubular structures
  • May be seen in epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate
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13
Q
A

Sperm Granuloma

sperm is antigenic outside of tubular structures

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14
Q
A

sperm granuloma

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15
Q

Testicular Neoplasia

A
  • Frequently seen in dogs
  • May be an incidental post mortem finding
  • May cause testicular enlargement
  • May cause of hormonal-induced abnormalities (physical/behavioural)
  • May be bilateral
  • May be of mixed cell types
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16
Q

4 types of Testicular Neoplasia

A
  • Interstitial Cell Tumours
  • Seminomas- sperm producing cells
  • Sertoli Cell Tumours- hormone producing
  • Teratomas
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17
Q

Leydig Cell Tumour

A

Interstitial Cell Tumours

(Leydig Cell Tumour)

  • Most common in the dog
  • Occasionally seen in the bull
  • May be multiple within the testis
  • May be bilateral
  • Derived from endocrine

cells of interstitium

  • Round well-demarcated masses
  • Usually <1cm
  • Pale yellow-brown
  • Malignancy very rare

•

•

  • Rarely have endocrine effects
  • Testicular enlargement is rare
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18
Q
A

Interstitial Cell Tumours

(Leydig Cell Tumour)

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19
Q
A

Interstitial Cell Tumours

NON- ENLARGED TESTES

(Leydig Cell Tumour)

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20
Q

Seminoma

A
  • Tumour of spermatogonia (germ cells)
  • Nearly as common as interstitial cell tumours
  • Usually unilateral
  • Usually solitary
  • Generally enlarges the testis
  • Cryptorchidism is a predisposing factor
  • Bulging (often testicular enlargement)
  • Pale (tan, yellow, white)
  • Soft
  • Rarely metastatic
  • No endocrine effect
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21
Q
A

Seminoma

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22
Q
A

Seminoma

form well circumscribed, white homogenous mass that resembles neoplastic lymphoid tissue

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23
Q

Sertoli Cell Tumour

A
  • Least common (but hear most about)
  • Usually unilateral
  • Usually solitary
  • Usually enlarges the testis
  • Usually has endocrine effects
  • Cryptorchidism is predisposing factor
  • Well demarcated
  • Firm
  • White (red/brown)
  • May contain cysts
  • Rare metastasis
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24
Q
A

Sertoli Cell Tumour

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25
sertoli cell tumor
26
Sertoli Cell tumour cause endocrine effects are due to what?
endocrine effects relate to estrogen production ## Footnote * Atrophy of non-neoplastic testicular tissue * Mammary gland and teat enlargement (gynecomastia) * Reduce libido * Swelling of prepuce * Attractive to other male dogs
27
Sertoli Cell tumour
28
Teratoma
* Rare tumour, usually in testis of young horses * Usually in a cryptorchid testis * Composed of multiple germ layers so could contain * Connective tissue, bone, cartilage, muscle, nervous, glandular, hair & dental •Developmental lesion
29
Teratoma
30
Teratoma
31
Diseases of Epididymis
•Epididymitis –complication of orchitis •If occlusion of epididymis –Due to inflammation or congenital –Dilation with sperm accumulation (spermatocoele) –Epithelial damage leading to sperm granuloma
32
Diseases of Epididymis
33
Diseases of Epididymis
34
Diseases of Epididymis
35
Scrotal Hernia
36
Hematocele: blood; blood into the tunica vaginalis
37
Hydrocele
Hydrocele: serous fluid
38
Inflammation of the tunica can result from direct extensions from orchitis, epididymitis scrotal dermatitis and peritonitis
39
Tumours, rare. Example of a mesothelioma
40
Diseases of Scrotum
•Dermatitis –Bacterial, parasitic, viral, trauma, frostbite –Inflammation •Scirrhous Cord –Equine, staphlococcal infection –Granulation tissue response •Varicocele –Dilation of spermatic vein •Neoplasia –Mast cell tumour –Haemangioma
41
scrotal frostbite
42
Ram, scrotum → There are multifocal red brown papules (sheep pox)
43
Varicocele Dilation and tortuosity of the veins of the pampiniform plexus and the cremasteric veins
44
Accessory Glands
•Prostate –Horse, bovine, sheep, pig, dog, cat • •Seminal Vesicles –Horse, bovine, pig • •Bulbourethral Glands –Horse, bovine, sheep, pig, cat
45
Prostatic Atrophy
* Senile change * Occurs following castration * Reduction in organ size, cell numbers and acinar structures
46
Prostatic inflammatio * Acute & chronic prostatitis * Acute, extremely painful –abscesses
47
Prostatic Hyperplasia
48
Prostatic Hyperplasia
* Very common in older entire male dogs * Glandular Hyperplasia * Multiple cyst formations * Proliferation of stroma * Hormonal imbalances likely cause * Not seen in castrated animals * Castration reduces size of prostate * Estrogen administration reduced size
49
Prostatic Hyperplasia
50
Prostatic Metaplasia
•Caused by estrogen –Sertoli cell tumours –Estrogen administration – –Columnar epithelial cells change to squamous
51
Prostatic Metaplasia
52
Prostatic Metaplasia
53
Prostatic Metaplasia
54
Prostatic Neoplasia
* Rare * Adenocarcinomas in old dogs * Metastatic spread to sublumbar lymph nodes, lung, liver bone
55
Prostatic Neoplasia
56
Prostatic Neoplasia
57
Diseases of Penis & Prepuce Developmental
•Penile hypoplasia –Early castration or intersex conditions •Persistent Frenulum –Seen in bulls •Hypospadias –Failure to close urogenital groove •Diphallia –Duplication of penis
58
Diseases of Penis & Prepuce Developmental Persistent frenulum Connection between ventral penis and prepuce Causes penile deviation
59
Hypospadia
60
•Trauma causing to edema, hemorrhage, hematoma, leading to inflammation scarring, adhesion, dysfunction
61
Phimosis
•narrowing of preputial orifice preventing protrusion of penis Can't get out- circumsize to treat
62
Paraphimosis
•Paraphimosis: narrowing of preputial orifice preventing retraction of already protruding penis Retraction is hard
63
Posthitis
•Posthitis: inflammation of prepuce
64
Balanitis
•Balanitis: inflammation of glans penis
65
•Balanoposthitis
Inflammation of prepuce and glans penis
66
Disease of Penis & Prepuce Inflammation
* Trauma * Viruses –Bovine herpesvirus 1 –EHV 3 (equine coital exanthema) •Bacteria –Corynebacteria in sheep/bovines •Parasites –Trypanosoma equiperdum , habronemiasis
67
–EHV 3 (equine coital exanthema)
68
–habronemiasis
69
Disease of Penis & Prepuce Neoplasia
* Fibropapillomas * Squamous cell carcinomas * Sarcoids * Transmissible veneral tumours
70
fibropapilloma
71
SCC
72
TVT

Pathology II (20 decks)

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