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Pathology II > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Fertile

A

•produce healthy sperm to fertilize an egg

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2
Q

Potency

A

•ability to engage in copulation

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3
Q

What 4 things cuase testicular degneration?

A

•Thermal

•

•Cryptorchidism

•

•Hypoplasia

•

•Chemical

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4
Q

Testicular Degeneration: •Thermal

A

–Spermatogonia sensitive to heat

•Local & Systemic Infections

–

–Results in cell degeneration (pressure atrophy/necrosis)

•Abnormal sperm morphology & function

•

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5
Q

Testicular degeneration: Cryptorchidism

A

•

–Congenital lesion

–Failure of one or both testis to descend to scrotum

–Located in abdomen or inguinal canal

–

–Fail to produce sperm

–Prone to testicular neoplasia

–Prone to torsion of spermatic cord

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6
Q
A

degeneration of the testes

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7
Q
A

testicular degeneration

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8
Q

Infection of the testes

A

–Local or systemic

–Bacterial ( eg. Brucella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Nocardia)

–Viruses ( eg. CDV, EVA, EIA)

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9
Q

term for inflammation of the testis

A

orchitis

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10
Q
A

orchitis

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11
Q
A

Orchitis

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12
Q

Sperm Granuloma

A
  • Foreign body inflammatory reaction to sperm which have escaped tubular structures
  • May be seen in epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate
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13
Q
A

Sperm Granuloma

sperm is antigenic outside of tubular structures

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14
Q
A

sperm granuloma

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15
Q

Testicular Neoplasia

A
  • Frequently seen in dogs
  • May be an incidental post mortem finding
  • May cause testicular enlargement
  • May cause of hormonal-induced abnormalities (physical/behavioural)
  • May be bilateral
  • May be of mixed cell types
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16
Q

4 types of Testicular Neoplasia

A
  • Interstitial Cell Tumours
  • Seminomas- sperm producing cells
  • Sertoli Cell Tumours- hormone producing
  • Teratomas
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17
Q

Leydig Cell Tumour

A

Interstitial Cell Tumours

(Leydig Cell Tumour)

  • Most common in the dog
  • Occasionally seen in the bull
  • May be multiple within the testis
  • May be bilateral
  • Derived from endocrine

cells of interstitium

  • Round well-demarcated masses
  • Usually <1cm
  • Pale yellow-brown
  • Malignancy very rare

•

•

  • Rarely have endocrine effects
  • Testicular enlargement is rare
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18
Q
A

Interstitial Cell Tumours

(Leydig Cell Tumour)

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19
Q
A

Interstitial Cell Tumours

NON- ENLARGED TESTES

(Leydig Cell Tumour)

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20
Q

Seminoma

A
  • Tumour of spermatogonia (germ cells)
  • Nearly as common as interstitial cell tumours
  • Usually unilateral
  • Usually solitary
  • Generally enlarges the testis
  • Cryptorchidism is a predisposing factor
  • Bulging (often testicular enlargement)
  • Pale (tan, yellow, white)
  • Soft
  • Rarely metastatic
  • No endocrine effect
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21
Q
A

Seminoma

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22
Q
A

Seminoma

form well circumscribed, white homogenous mass that resembles neoplastic lymphoid tissue

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23
Q

Sertoli Cell Tumour

A
  • Least common (but hear most about)
  • Usually unilateral
  • Usually solitary
  • Usually enlarges the testis
  • Usually has endocrine effects
  • Cryptorchidism is predisposing factor
  • Well demarcated
  • Firm
  • White (red/brown)
  • May contain cysts
  • Rare metastasis
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24
Q
A

Sertoli Cell Tumour

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25
Q
A

sertoli cell tumor

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26
Q

Sertoli Cell tumour cause endocrine effects are due to what?

A

endocrine effects relate to estrogen production

  • Atrophy of non-neoplastic testicular tissue
  • Mammary gland and teat enlargement (gynecomastia)
  • Reduce libido
  • Swelling of prepuce
  • Attractive to other male dogs
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27
Q
A

Sertoli Cell tumour

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28
Q

Teratoma

A
  • Rare tumour, usually in testis of young horses
  • Usually in a cryptorchid testis
  • Composed of multiple germ layers so could contain
  • Connective tissue, bone,

cartilage, muscle, nervous,

glandular, hair & dental

•Developmental lesion

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29
Q
30
Q
31
Q

Diseases of Epididymis

A

•Epididymitis

–complication of orchitis

•If occlusion of epididymis

–Due to inflammation or congenital

–Dilation with sperm accumulation (spermatocoele)

–Epithelial damage leading to sperm granuloma

32
Q
A

Diseases of Epididymis

33
Q
A

Diseases of Epididymis

34
Q
A

Diseases of Epididymis

35
Q
A

Scrotal Hernia

36
Q
A

Hematocele: blood; blood into the tunica vaginalis

37
Q

Hydrocele

A

Hydrocele: serous fluid

38
Q
A

Inflammation of the tunica can result from direct extensions from orchitis, epididymitis

scrotal dermatitis and peritonitis

39
Q
A

Tumours, rare. Example of a mesothelioma

40
Q

Diseases of Scrotum

A

•Dermatitis

–Bacterial, parasitic, viral, trauma, frostbite

–Inflammation

•Scirrhous Cord

–Equine, staphlococcal infection

–Granulation tissue response

•Varicocele

–Dilation of spermatic vein

•Neoplasia

–Mast cell tumour

–Haemangioma

41
Q
A

scrotal frostbite

42
Q
A

Ram, scrotum → There are multifocal red brown papules (sheep pox)

43
Q
A

Varicocele

Dilation and tortuosity of the veins of the pampiniform plexus and the cremasteric veins

44
Q

Accessory Glands

A

•Prostate

–Horse, bovine, sheep, pig, dog, cat

•

•Seminal Vesicles

–Horse, bovine, pig

•

•Bulbourethral Glands

–Horse, bovine, sheep, pig, cat

45
Q

Prostatic Atrophy

A
  • Senile change
  • Occurs following castration
  • Reduction in organ size, cell numbers and acinar structures
46
Q
A

Prostatic inflammatio

  • Acute & chronic prostatitis
  • Acute, extremely painful

–abscesses

47
Q
A

Prostatic Hyperplasia

48
Q

Prostatic Hyperplasia

A
  • Very common in older entire male dogs
  • Glandular Hyperplasia
  • Multiple cyst formations
  • Proliferation of stroma
  • Hormonal imbalances likely cause
  • Not seen in castrated animals
  • Castration reduces size of prostate
  • Estrogen administration reduced size
49
Q
A

Prostatic Hyperplasia

50
Q

Prostatic Metaplasia

A

•Caused by estrogen

–Sertoli cell tumours

–Estrogen administration

–

–Columnar epithelial cells change to squamous

51
Q
A

Prostatic Metaplasia

52
Q
A

Prostatic Metaplasia

53
Q
A

Prostatic Metaplasia

54
Q

Prostatic Neoplasia

A
  • Rare
  • Adenocarcinomas in old dogs
  • Metastatic spread to sublumbar lymph nodes, lung, liver bone
55
Q
A

Prostatic Neoplasia

56
Q
A

Prostatic Neoplasia

57
Q

Diseases of Penis & Prepuce
Developmental

A

•Penile hypoplasia

–Early castration or intersex conditions

•Persistent Frenulum

–Seen in bulls

•Hypospadias

–Failure to close urogenital groove

•Diphallia

–Duplication of penis

58
Q
A

Diseases of Penis & Prepuce
Developmental

Persistent frenulum

Connection between ventral penis and prepuce

Causes penile deviation

59
Q
A

Hypospadia

60
Q
A

•Trauma causing to edema, hemorrhage, hematoma, leading to inflammation scarring, adhesion, dysfunction

61
Q

Phimosis

A

•narrowing of preputial orifice preventing protrusion of penis

Can’t get out- circumsize to treat

62
Q

Paraphimosis

A

•Paraphimosis: narrowing of preputial orifice preventing retraction of already protruding penis

Retraction is hard

63
Q

Posthitis

A

•Posthitis: inflammation of prepuce

64
Q

Balanitis

A

•Balanitis: inflammation of glans penis

65
Q

•Balanoposthitis

A

Inflammation of prepuce and glans penis

66
Q

Disease of Penis & Prepuce
Inflammation

A
  • Trauma
  • Viruses

–Bovine herpesvirus 1

–EHV 3 (equine coital exanthema)

•Bacteria

–Corynebacteria in sheep/bovines

•Parasites

–Trypanosoma equiperdum , habronemiasis

67
Q
A

–EHV 3 (equine coital exanthema)

68
Q
A

–habronemiasis

69
Q

Disease of Penis & Prepuce
Neoplasia

A
  • Fibropapillomas
  • Squamous cell carcinomas
  • Sarcoids
  • Transmissible veneral tumours
70
Q
A

fibropapilloma

Pathology II (20 decks)

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