Lab final: Endocrine Flashcards
What is morphological abnormal?
crust, alopecia, ulceration, erosive, papules, mineralization
MDx:
Calcinoutis cutis
can look like pyoderma or exudative dermatitis
What endocrine likely underlies this skin lesion?
Hyperadrenocortism
cushings
What other tissues may have been lesions?
Bilateral alopeica, pot belly, hepatomegaly- stores way too much glucose and fat (steriod hepathopathy), stink, UTI, skin infections
If the cause of this was exogenous steriods what would the adrenal glands look like? VERY SMALL
What lesions result from Cushings? pituary adenoma or adrenal tumor
MDx
Adrenal cortical hyperplasia( as there is an increase in the number of cells)
What is the cause of this lesion?
Functional pituary adenoma producing ACTH(?)
What is the clinical diagnosis (disease name)?
Pituary dependent secondary hyperadrenaocortism
what is morphologically abnormal?
Fat
Bilateral alopecia
What is abnormal?
Puffy face
eyelids enverting with a mucopurlent conjuctivitis
What is abnormal?
Thyorid glands are very small and surrounded by lots of fat!
MDx
Thyroid atrophy
Disease name
hypothyroidism
Mdx
MDx: lymphocytic thryoiditis
End stage= atrophy of the thyroid
Blue dots= lymphocytes
What did that dog with severe hyperthyroidism have a puffy face?
Cutaneous mixed edema; we don’t know why but adults and severly affected due to hypothyroidism
What will you see if you have hypothyroidism at birth?
Trichosis
Subtle coronary atherosclerosis was detected grossly
white nodular tissueous groove
Histo: uneven thickness and foamyness
Pathogenesis:
Atherosclerosis- deposition of lipid and mineral that hardens blood vessel walls
ONLY SEEN IN DOGS IWTH SEVERE HYPOTHYRODISM
Clin path- increased cholesterol- chol deposits in cel walls
Lipid within cytoplasm of macrophages with basophilic amorphic granular substance being deposited- MINERAL
What is morphologically abnormal?
Thyroid glands- multi-nodular and large
Mdx
MDx: Nodular hyperplasia or Adenoma (can’t tell the difference grossly)
Thyroid carcinoma- rare in cats
If it was malignat- enlarged LN; local invasion- it would feel attached
Pluck from a cat
Very large heart
Focal myocarditis fibrosis- due to ischemia; ischemic area that has infarted
Apex of left ventricle- myocardium pale-What could make a tissue more white than usual?- fibrin
Pathogenesis? MDx?
MDx: Biventricular myocardial hypertrophy
Pathogenesis: too much thyroid hormone is causing the heart to work harder; leads to CHF and thrombosis
Kidney of a cat
MDx
MDx: Acute renal infarct
How? hyperthyroidism caused a saddle thrombosis
Tissue from an adult cat
MDx
MDx: mutifocal parathyroid hyperplasia; large, raised parathyroid
What other lesions should we look for?
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary change; decreased ca caused by renal failure or nutritional (vit. D, Ph, Ca etc)
Parathyroid glands produce PTH- Increase Ca; decrease Ph- hypercalcemia metastasis
Picture shows: apocrine gland adenocarcinoma will have the same effect as on target organ; no impact on parathyroid. Parathyroid will decrease if anything in size
Metastatic calification resulting from secondary hyperparathryoidism
Calified alveloi
Adrenal glands of a horse
Most likely pathological process?
Neoplasia or Inflammation(very rare)
Adrenal glands of a horse
Which neoplasms are possible?
Phenochromocytoma- it’s so red and oily
Adrenal glands of a horse
DDX
Phenochromcytoma- from medulla
mestastic from lymphoma or carcinoma
MDx
Mdx: Pancreatic islet cell adenoma
Clinical name- Insuilinoma(number one tumor of ferrets)
What would you see on clin path? decreased glucose
MDx:
Mulitfocal nodules in liver and enlarged spleen pancreas- metasizes of insulinoma HARD TO MANAGE
Insulinoma
