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Year2 Repro exam II > male Path III > Flashcards

male Path III Flashcards

1
Q

what testicular tumors are associated with testicular dysgenesis syndrome

A

the germ cell tumors

seminomatous and non-seminomatous

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2
Q

what is the triad of testicular dysgenesis syndrome

A

cryptorchidms
hypospadius
poor sperm quality

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3
Q

what are the seminomatous tumors

A

seminoma

spermatocytic seminoma

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4
Q

what are the non seminomatous germ cell tumors

A

embryonal Carcinoma
yolk sac tumor
choriocarcinoma
teratoma

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5
Q

why do some patients with testicular torsion develop infertility

A

because once the blood testicle barrier is broken immune bodies recognize no as self and destory both testicles

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6
Q

when does the carcinoma in situ cell arise in germ cell tumors

A

with boy at birth

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7
Q

majority germ cell tumors are what

A

seminomas
embryonal
mixed

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8
Q

germ cell tumor chromatin morphology

A

i12p band

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9
Q

risk factors germ cell tumors

A

cryptorchidism, prior GCT
FMH (KIT and BK)
whites>blacks
brothers increase risk if have it

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10
Q

where do germ cells mets to

A

periaortic abdominal lymph nodes

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11
Q

what serume markers can be + in germ cell tumores

A

hCG LDH and afetalprotein

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12
Q

how do germ cell tumors present

A

painless mass

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13
Q

what is the most common GermCellTumor

A

seminoma

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14
Q

serum markers for seminomas

A

LDH

hCG

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15
Q

staging of seminomas

A

low risk-no mets

intermediate risk-mets

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16
Q

what serum marker is never in a pure seminoma

A

AFP

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17
Q

Tx seminoma

A

radical orchiectomy +/- retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

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18
Q

Tx low risk seminoma

A

radiotherapy

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19
Q

Tx intermediate risk seminoma

A

platinum based chemo

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20
Q

gross morphology seminomas

A

lobular homogenous fleshy tan cut surface

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21
Q

how do you prevent seeding of seminoma when cutting testis out

A

through inguinal canal

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22
Q

histo seminoma

A

large cells with distinct borders, prominent nuclei and watery cytoplasm
lymphoid infiltrate
look like fried eggs

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23
Q

schiller duval body

A

yolk sac tumor

24
Q

what are the pathologies of the prostate

A

inflammation
nodular hyperplasia (BPH)
adenocarcinoma

25
Q

What are the zones of prostate

A

central
transitional
peripheral

26
Q

what zone does BPH arise? most CA?

A

BPH in transitional

CA in peripheral

27
Q

what can cause acute prostatitis

A

bacteria like acute UTI agents

reflux of urine or iatrogenic

28
Q

presentation acute prostatitis

A

fever, chills, dysuria

29
Q

Tx acute prostattisi

A

antibiotics

30
Q

presentation chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

Hx of recurrent UTIs dysuria and localized pain

31
Q

Dx chronic prostatitis

A

PMNs in urine and a + culture

32
Q

what causes granulomatous prostatitis

A

secondary to ruptured acini

commonest cause is BCG

33
Q

what causes BPH

A

stomal cells make 5 hydroxy reductase that converts T to DHT which increases growth factors

34
Q

signs of BPH

A

poor flow, incomplete emptying

secondary infection: cystitis, pyelonephritis

35
Q

Tx BPH

A

alpha blockers
5 alpha reductase inhibitors to dec DHT
tissue destruction: TURP, heat, US, laser

36
Q

corpora amylacea

A

pink secretions in glandular lumen

BPH

37
Q

signs BPH

A

enlarged prostate- lose distinction of R and L lobes

can feel median sulcus

38
Q

imaging prostate

A

rectal US

39
Q

TURP

A

transurethral prostatectomy

40
Q

phenazopyridine

A

drug given before urinary procedure

turns urine red

41
Q

complications BPH

A

obstruction bladder
infection internal genitalia
urosepsis

42
Q

If serum Cr doubles (even in normal range) in a year

A

bad! put in foley if suspect post renal obstruction

43
Q

most common Dx no non cutaneous malignancy in men

A

adenocarcinoma of prostate

44
Q

risk factors adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

age>50 y.o
african american
+FMH

45
Q

pathogenesis adenocarcinoma prostate

A

androgen dependent
multiplicity of genetic mutations
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm is precursor lesion

46
Q

screening for adenocarcinoma

A

DRE

prostatic specific antigen

47
Q

where does adenocarcinoma of prostate arise

A

posterior wall

48
Q

needle Bx prostate
glands with dark nuclei
prominent nucleoli
dark cytoplasm

A

Adenocarcinoma

49
Q

basal layer - and racemose + of prostate Bx stains

A

adenocarcinoma

50
Q

Gleason grades for adenocarcinoma of prostate

A 
1- well differentiated
2- well differentiated
3-  moderately differentiated
4- poorly differentiated
5- undifferentiated
commonest and second commenest scores added together
51
Q

T in staging adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

extracapsular extension
T2 confined
T3 extracapsular
T4 adjacent organs

52
Q

N score in adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

no longer curable

53
Q

M score in adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

widespread dissemination
OSTEOBLASTIC
Tx with androgen deprivation

54
Q

perineural invasion in prostate Bx

A

correlates with extracapsular invasion T3

55
Q

how to detect boney mets from prostate

A

increase serum alk phosphatase because of increase osteoblast activity

Year2 Repro exam II (19 decks)

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