male infertility Flashcards
what is infertility ?
childless marriage after at least one year of regular unprotected sexual relation n
what are the subtypes of male infertility?
primary ( wife never got pregnant )
secondary ( wife got pregnant once couldn’t get pregnant again)
what can the causes of male infertility be divided into ?
pre-testicular
testicular
post-testicular
what are the pre-testicular causes of infertility in males ?
hormonal disorders (Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and suprarenal) systemic disorders (hepatic, renal, malignancy)
what are the testicular causes of male infertility ?
congenital (KF, SCO, cryptorchidism) traumatic inflammatory neoplastic vascular
what are the inflammatory conditions that may cause male infertility ?
Mumps orchitis
what are the vascular condition that may cause male infertility ?
varicocele
testicular torsion
what are the post-testicular causes of infertility ?
mechanical infertility
obstructive infertility
immunological infertility
male accessory sex gland infections
what are the features of kleinfelder syndrome ?
the male is born with an extra X chromosome
47 XXY
all hormones are high except testosterone
what is varicocele ?
dilatation and elongation of the veins draining the testis
what are the symptoms of varicocele ?
usually asymptomatic
swelling
testicular pain mostly related to sex congestion
infertility
what is the relation of varicocele to infertility ?
decreased testicular volume
what is the etiology of male infertility ?
- azoospermia ( whether obstructive or non-obstructive )
- OAT syndrome
- Isolated defects
- Normal semen (idiopathic)
what is OAT syndrome ?
a condition that includes :
- oligozoospermia ( low sperm count )
- asthenozoospermia ( poor sperm movement )
- teratozoospermia ( abnormal sperm shape)
what lab investigations should be performed on an infertile male ?
semen analysis
hormonal profile
testicular biopsy
imaging
