Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

WH > benign uterine masses part 1 > Flashcards

benign uterine masses part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common benign lesions of the uterus ?

A

leiomyomata/fibroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are other terms that mean leiomyomata ?

A

fibriods
fibromyomata
myomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the etiology of fibroids ?

A

hyperestrinism
growth factors
genetic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what hormone is responsible for the growth of fibroids ?

A

oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are fibrioids commonly associated with ?

A

endometrial hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when do we most commonly see fibroids in women ?

A

in their child bearing period ( reproductive age zay el endometriosis ) , they cannot exist before puberty or after menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the risk factors for leiomyomata ?

A

nulliparity ( never given birth)
obesity
positive family history
racial factor ( more common in black african women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are women who have not given birth more liable to get fibroids ?

A

due to increased levels of oestradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the different sites of fibroids ?

A

corporeal fibroid
cervical fibroid
broad ligament fibroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the types fibroids ?

A 
interstitial myomata 
subserosa myomata 
submucosa myomata ( diagnosed by saline infusion sonography)
pedunculated SSM 
submucous fibroid polyp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the pattern with
corporeal fibroids
submucosa fibroid polyp
cervical and broad ligament fibroids

A

corporeal fibroids - multiple
submucosa fibroid polyp - single
cervical and broad ligament fibroids- single

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is the cut section of the fibroid paler than the myometrium ?

A

due to poor vascularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the nature of the fibroid capsule ?

A

a pseudo capsule of compressed normal myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the pathological changes in fibroids ?

A 
atrophy 
hyaline degeneration 
cystic degeneration 
fatty degeneration 
calcification 
red degeneration 
necrosis 
infection 
vascular changes 
malignant changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why does atrophy happen in fibroids ?

A

due to diminished vascularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when do atrophic changes in fibroids happen ?

A

after menopause and during the post partum period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the most common change in fibroids ?

A

hyaline degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does cystic degeneration happen ?

A

due to absorption of liquified hyaline material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the different forms that calcifications can take in fibroids?

A

peripheral calcification - egg shell

diffuse calcification - womb stone

20
Q

how can calcifications in fibroids be detected ?

A

Ultrasound

21
Q

what is red degeneration ?

A

hemorrhagic infarction of the uterine leiomyoma (incomplete necrosis)

22
Q

what is another term for red degeneration ?

A

necrobiosis

23
Q

when does red degeneration more commonly happen ?

A

during pregnancy

24
Q

what is a common present is the most common presentation with red degeneration ?

A

fishy odours
sudden severe abdominal pain
fever
vomiting

25
Q

what are the changes that may happen after torsion of a fibroid ?

A 
vascular changes ( oedema and congestion)
necrosis
26
Q

what are the malignant changes in fibroids ?

A

leiomyosarcoma

27
Q

when do we clinically suspect a leiomyosarcoma ?

A

fibroids presenting with postmenopausal bleeding
rapid increase in size of myoma
rapid recurrence after myomectomy
post-menopausal growth of a pre-existing fibroid

28
Q

what is the effect of fibroids on the uterus ?

A

myometrium shows increased vascularity
uterine cavity is enlarged
uterus may be displaced in position

29
Q

what are the associated conditions with fibroids ?

A

endometrial and myometrial hyperplasia
endometriosis
adenomyosis
endometrial carcinoma

30
Q

what is the effect of fibroids on the urethra ?

A

ureteric compression

lateral displacement of the ureter

31
Q

what are the features of a typical patient who may be suffering from a fibroid ?

A

a nulliparous 25-45 year old woman usually asymptomatic

32
Q

what are the symptoms associated with symptomizing fibroids ?

A 
menstrual symptoms 
pressure symptoms 
pain 
infertility 
leucorrhea 
abdominal mass 
pregnancy complications 
general symptom od anemia
33
Q

what are the menstrual symptoms associated with symptomizing fibroids ?

A

menorrhagia
metrorrhagia
polymenorrhea

34
Q

what are the pressure symptoms associated with symptomizing fibroids ?

A

urinary frequency and incontinence
loin pain due to ureteric compression
pressure on pelvic veins causing LL oedema
pressure on pelvic nerves

35
Q

when is pain associated with fibroids ?

A

painless until complicated

36
Q

what are the causes of infertility in fibroids ?

A 
uncommon but 
interference with implantation
tubal obstruction 
interference with ascent of sperm 
associated conditions ( salpingoophoritis )
37
Q

what does a fibroid look like on clinical examination ?

A

central suprapubic mass
firm in consistency
moveable from one side to the other

38
Q

what are the indications to operate on a symptomless fibroid ?

A

no symptoms no treatment unless the patient is :
pregnant more than 14 weeks
pedunculated subserous fibroid
or under any suspicion of malignancy

39
Q

when is medical treatment indicated ?

A

menorrhagia with a pregnant uterus less than 12 weeks

with the aim to control the menorrhagia

40
Q

what medications are used for the management of fibroids ?

A 
progestins, danazol and anti-progesterone 
LHRH agonists ( leuprolide acetate)
41
Q

what is the definitive surgical management of fibroids ?

A

hysterectomy

42
Q

what is the non definitive surgical management of fibroids that can be used to maintain fertility ?

A

myomectomy

43
Q

what are the contraindications to a myomectomy ?

A

after menopause or in premenopausal women
during pregnancy
at CS
suspicion of sarcomatous change

44
Q

when do we perform a vaginal myomectomy ?

A

in fibroid polyp

45
Q

what are the symptoms of cervical fibroids ?

A

they have no effect of menstrual function but may present with pressure symptoms

46
Q

what type of surgery can be used for a small myomata within the cavity ?

A

Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

WH (68 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions